Pedagogy Previous Year Questions

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Both are correct: SSA gave children with disabilities support such as Braille books and aids, and stipends for girls with disabilities.

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Positive reinforcement adds a pleasant consequence after desired behaviour. High grades reward good work; the other options are punishments or threats.

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Dictation and picture composition are early, guided (lower) forms of writing. Paragraph writing is a higher form because the learner must organise original ideas.

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Piaget saw play as a natural, biologically based activity found in all cultures and times. It does not depend on toys, so A is not correct.

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Fast mapping, where a child learns a word's meaning after only one or two exposures, is how children quickly expand their vocabulary. Sorting is a classification skill.

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In Kilpatrick's project method, students choose the purpose, plan, carry out and evaluate a meaningful activity themselves.

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Bal Gangadhar Tilak started Kesari in Marathi in 1881. Its English counterpart was The Mahratta.

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Under Section 82 of the IPC, nothing done by a child under 7 years of age is an offence.

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Neither: parent and family involvement raises a student's achievement and success. It does not decrease them.

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General abstract thinking, idealism and propositional (hypothetical) reasoning are features of the formal operational stage, from about age 11.

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Gopal Hari Deshmukh, the 19th-century Marathi social reformer, wrote under the pen name "Lokhitwadi".

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A unit plan involves forming suitable units and sub-units when the syllabus does not prescribe them (I) and deciding the methods of assessment (II), so both are part of it.

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Kolb's learning styles come from his experiential learning cycle: concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualisation and active experimentation.

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Piaget called horizontal décalage the uneven development where a child masters one kind of conservation (e.g. number) before others (e.g. volume).

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H. E. Armstrong introduced the heuristic method, in which pupils find things out for themselves like discoverers.

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Both statements match findings on infant vision: newborns can tell apart stripes about 1/8 inch wide, and by 3 months babies can see much finer stripes, about 1/64 inch.

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Children tend to carry the reciprocal, give-and-take style they see in their parents' relationship into their own relationships with peers.

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Broca's area (speech production) and Wernicke's area (language comprehension) are in the left hemisphere for most people.

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Both Sullivan's interpersonal theory and Erikson's psychosocial theory are Neo-Freudian theories, so neither statement names a non-Neo-Freudian theory.

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Working with the community on its real problems, such as poor hygiene (I) and farming problems (II), helps the community accept the teacher as one of its own, so both apply.

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In Piaget's theory, the pre-operational stage covers about 2 to 7 years, marked by symbolic play, language growth and egocentrism.

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The Government of India adopted the National Policy for the Empowerment of Women in 2001, the year declared as Women's Empowerment Year.

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Learning by doing through activities that engage students is the student-centred approach. Teacher-centred teaching is mainly lecture-based.

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Peer assessment means classmates evaluate a learner's responses and performance, giving feedback to each other.

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The 71st Amendment (1992) added Nepali, Konkani and Manipuri to the Eighth Schedule. Bengali and Gujarati were original; Boro came by the 92nd Amendment (2003).

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Art education covers both visual, tangible arts (drawing, painting, sculpture) and performing arts (music, dance, drama).

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In the subject-centred approach the teacher and students keep strictly to the prescribed content and textbooks of the subject.

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Piaget's four stages (sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operational, formal operational) describe cognitive development, i.e. how thinking grows.

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Profound retardation is IQ below 20 (2), mild is 50-75 (3) and severe is 20-34 (1). So I-2, II-3, III-1.

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A diorama is a partly three-dimensional, full-size or scale model of a scene, such as a historical event or landscape, used in museums and classrooms.

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Both are statements from Gandhi's thought: truth is supreme, even above the teacher, and the search for truth is true religion.

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Piaget's concrete operational stage lasts from about 7 to 11 years, so children enter it at around 7.

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In Bronfenbrenner's model, family networks belong to the inner systems (microsystem or exosystem). The macrosystem is culture, traditions, ideologies and the political system.

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Classroom seating can be arranged in a U shape or a circle (among other layouts), and both encourage interaction. So both I and II are correct.

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Oppositional defiant disorder is a lasting pattern of negativity, hostility and defiance towards authority in childhood.

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After about age 7, children play games with rules, and their skill in these games decides whether peers accept them. So it matters for the peer group.

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Tholpavakoothu is a traditional shadow puppet play from Kerala, performed in Bhagavathy temples of the Palakkad region.

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Summative assessment comes at the end of a course and is formal and standardised. It is not flexible to individual students' needs, which describes formative assessment.

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For work education to succeed, students need a positive attitude as well as creative and imaginative ability, so I, II and III are all essential.

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Under the RTE Act 2009, elementary education means education from Class 1 to Class 8.

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AIDS is caused by the HIV virus, not by obesity. Obesity is a risk factor for high blood pressure, diabetes and joint (orthopaedic) problems.

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In constructivist learning, students actively construct meaning, so the process is student-centred and the teacher acts as a facilitator.

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Performing arts activities need open space, such as a circle or open floor, for movement and performance. A clear view of the board is not the key requirement, so this pair is wrongly matched.

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ICDS (started in 1975) provides supplementary nutrition and pre-school education through anganwadis to children below six years, as well as pregnant and nursing mothers.

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Helping with decorations at school or community events is a service to the community. The other options are information-collection projects.

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Newborns can coordinate hearing and sight from birth: they turn their eyes and head towards a sound source. This coordination improves over the following months.

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Writing a reflection journal on paper is a traditional pen-and-paper method. Concept mapping with software, multimedia development and computer-based testing are ICT-based assessment methods.

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Calling every four-legged animal 'doggie' is over-generalisation (overextension), and using 'duck' only for his own toy is under-generalisation (underextension). Both pairs are swapped, so neither is correct.

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DPEP (launched in 1994) added inclusive education for children with special needs to its programme in 1997, through integrated education interventions.

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In Marcia's theory, moratorium is the status where an adolescent is in an identity crisis and actively exploring alternatives, but has not yet made a commitment.