Pedagogy Previous Year Questions (page 4)

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Experiential learning (Kolb) is learning through experience followed by reflection, so critical reflection on the experience is central.

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The key takes both as true but treats R as not the reason for A: a meaningful environment is needed for engagement, while the claim that all children are intrinsically motivated does not by itself explain it.

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A good test must be valid, reliable and objective; ambiguity makes items unclear and is a defect, not a characteristic.

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The proverb means that if a child is not punished for wrongdoing he will be spoiled, i.e. undesirable behaviour should be punished.

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A textbook gives organised content and exercises that help teachers and students reach the learning objectives of the course.

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Textbooks support study by developing memory and reasoning; the claim that they distract students from studies is not true.

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Teacher effectiveness is judged by teacher abilities (presage), classroom behaviour (process) and learning outcomes (product), so all apply.

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Adjustment is a personal process, so the teacher is primarily responsible for his or her own adjustment to the job and setting.

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The teacher-centred method is formal, the teacher dominates (sovereignty) and, in the key's view, it tends to ignore new technology, so all apply.

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Good evaluation should be valid, reliable and objective; subjectivity (personal bias in scoring) is a weakness, not a quality.

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The BSEB Matriculation exam is set by an external board, judges against set standards and is held at the end of the course (summative), so all apply.

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Grading can be absolute (fixed mark ranges) or relative (based on the group's performance), so the grading system involves both types.

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A syllabus is an outline of the content to be taught in a subject; curriculum is the broader set of all learning experiences.

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The hidden curriculum is the unwritten values, norms and beliefs learnt from the school and classroom atmosphere.

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The student's interest is a psychological factor; salary and caste are not psychological, and the nature of the subject is a content factor.

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Teaching follows the maxims simple to complex, concrete to abstract and known to unknown, so all apply.

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Maturity, readiness and level of aspiration affect learning; a geographical boundary is not a teaching-learning factor.

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Mnemonics are memory aids such as rhymes or acronyms (e.g. VIBGYOR) that help learners remember information.

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Hands-on learning builds new skills by doing and often involves exploring real objects and nature, so both benefits apply.

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The Indian League was founded in 1875 in Calcutta by Sisir Kumar Ghosh, with Sambhu Charan Mukherjee among its leaders; it was later replaced by the Indian Association (1876).

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Muga silk, a golden silk from the Antheraea assamensis silkworm, is produced almost entirely in Assam and has a GI tag.

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Devaluation makes a country's goods cheaper abroad and imports dearer, so exports rise and imports fall.

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Champaran Satyagraha (1917) was Gandhi's first civil disobedience movement in India, against the tinkathia system forced on indigo tenant farmers in Bihar, so both statements are correct.

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The Mother Tongue Survey of India was conducted by the Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, which is under the Ministry of Home Affairs.

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Methane and carbon dioxide trap infrared heat and are greenhouse gases; nitrogen does not absorb infrared and is not one.

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The key gives two main components; descriptions of integrated waste management vary between sources, so this item follows the source's own classification.

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Subsistence farming, especially shifting (slash-and-burn) cultivation, clears new forest patches repeatedly, so it is treated as the main cause of deforestation.

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El Niño is the abnormal warming of surface waters in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean, which affects weather worldwide, including India's monsoon.

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12 × 18000 = 216000; remaining 8 cycles earned 300000 - 216000 = 84000, so the average is 84000 / 8 = Rs. 10500.

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Let the numbers be 13a and 13b with a + b = 12 and a, b co-prime: (1, 11) and (5, 7) only, so there are 2 pairs.

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tan θ = height / distance; increasing both by 20% leaves the ratio unchanged, so the angle of elevation stays the same.

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Umbrage is a synonym of offense, so elation pairs with its synonym jubilance (great joy).

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Tail, trunk and feather are parts of animals or birds, while fir is a whole tree (a conifer), so it is the odd one.

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Each pair of letters is swapped: SP-ID-ER becomes PS-DI-RE, so CO-MM-ON becomes OC-MM-NO = OCMMNO.

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The only daughter of the woman's father is the woman herself, so the man's wife is the woman: he is her husband.

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The school is called the mirror of society because it reflects society's values, culture and structure and passes them on to the next generation.विद्यालय को समाज का दर्पण इसलिए कहते हैं कि वह समाज के मूल्य, संस्कृति और ढाँचे को दर्शाता है और अगली पीढ़ी तक पहुँचाता है।

Explanation

Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives has three domains: cognitive (knowledge), affective (attitudes and feelings) and psychomotor (skills).ब्लूम की शैक्षिक उद्देश्यों की taxonomy के तीन क्षेत्र हैं: संज्ञानात्मक (ज्ञान), भावात्मक (दृष्टिकोण और भावनाएँ) और मनोशारीरिक (कौशल)।

Explanation

A daily lesson plan covers one class period's objectives, activities and assessment, so it is the simplest and most direct type of plan.दैनिक पाठ योजना एक कालांश के उद्देश्य, गतिविधियाँ और मूल्यांकन समेटती है, इसलिए वह योजना का सबसे सरल और सीधा प्रकार है।

Explanation

Teaching naturally moves from the known to the unknown, and examples and illustrations make the new idea concrete. So I, III and IV are correct, while II, which starts from the unknown, is not.शिक्षण स्वाभाविक रूप से ज्ञात से अज्ञात की ओर चलता है, और उदाहरण व चित्रण नए विचार को ठोस बनाते हैं। इसलिए I, III और IV सही हैं, जबकि II, जो अज्ञात से शुरू होता है, नहीं।

Explanation

Progressive education (Dewey) is child-centred: learning by doing, the project method and cooperative learning. Ranking, labelling and ability grouping belong to traditional approaches.प्रगतिशील शिक्षा (डीवी) बाल-केंद्रित है: करके सीखना, प्रोजेक्ट विधि और सहकारी अधिगम। रैंकिंग, लेबल लगाना और क्षमता-समूहन पारंपरिक उपागमों के हैं।

Explanation

In an MCQ the correct option is called the answer, or key. The incorrect options are distractors.MCQ में सही विकल्प को उत्तर या key कहते हैं। गलत विकल्प distractor होते हैं।

Explanation

When teaching motivates students, they become curious and actively ask questions. Pin-drop silence or attendance alone does not show motivation.जब शिक्षण विद्यार्थियों को प्रेरित करता है, तो वे जिज्ञासु होते हैं और सक्रिय रूप से प्रश्न पूछते हैं। केवल सन्नाटा या उपस्थिति प्रेरणा नहीं दिखाती।

Explanation

In an MCQ the stem is the part that states the problem or question. The options follow it and contain the answer and the distractors.MCQ में stem वह भाग है जो समस्या या प्रश्न बताता है। विकल्प उसके बाद आते हैं और उनमें उत्तर और distractor होते हैं।

Explanation

Forming suitable hypotheses for investigation is part of the "planning for action" stage, which comes after the problem is identified and before data is collected and tested.जाँच के लिए उपयुक्त परिकल्पनाएँ बनाना "कार्य की योजना" चरण का हिस्सा है, जो समस्या पहचानने के बाद और डेटा जुटाने व परखने से पहले आता है।

Explanation

Friction lets the pen write (I), lets us walk (II) and lets brakes stop a vehicle (IV). Statement III is wrong because a ball thrown upward comes back because of gravity, not friction.घर्षण से कलम लिख पाती है (I), हम चल पाते हैं (II) और ब्रेक वाहन को रोकते हैं (IV)। कथन III गलत है क्योंकि ऊपर फेंकी गई गेंद गुरुत्वाकर्षण से लौटती है, घर्षण से नहीं।

Explanation

The key's reasoning is that a variety of question types samples more of the content and abilities, so scores are more consistent and dependable, which increases the paper's reliability.कुंजी का तर्क है कि अनेक प्रकार के प्रश्न विषय-वस्तु और क्षमताओं का अधिक नमूना लेते हैं, इसलिए अंक अधिक सुसंगत और भरोसेमंद होते हैं, जिससे प्रश्नपत्र की विश्वसनीयता बढ़ती है।

Explanation

Group conformity means changing your behaviour or appearance to match the norms of a group, here by dressing like the other members, even without being asked.Group conformity का अर्थ अपने व्यवहार या रूप को किसी समूह के मानदंडों के अनुरूप बदलना है, यहाँ बिना कहे अन्य सदस्यों जैसे कपड़े पहनकर।