OOP Previous Year Questions

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Unrelated class means the classes are not connected via inheritance. But a relation can be achieved between two unrelated classes through friend function.

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Object request broker (ORB) is middleware that uses the CORBA (Common Object Request Broker Architecture) specification. The ORB takes care of all of the details in routing a request from client to object and the response to its destination. ORB runs on clients as well as on the application server.

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CaptureEvents (EventType) method instructs the window to capture all events of a particular type.

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Object oriented development makes software closet to abstractions the exists in the real world and the term object oriented means that software is a collection of discrete objects that incorporate both data structure and behaviour.

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A friend function of a class is a non-member function that is given the same access as member methods to the class's private and protected data. It is declared inside the class that grants access, but it is not a member of the class.

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Autoboxing is the automatic conversion that the Java compiler makes from primitive types to their corresponding object wrapper classes.

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Synchronization is the capability to control the access of multiple threads to shared resources. Without it, one Java thread could modify a shared variable while another thread is using or updating the same variable; synchronized methods prevent this.

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A JavaScript program can define the behaviour of document elements by registering appropriate event handlers.

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Message passing interface (MPI) is a standardized and portable message passing system. • It can run on any hardware platform. It is portable, efficient, flexible. • It has become a de facto standard for communication among memory system. • MPI – Comm. – Size returns the total number of MPI processes in specified communication. So answer is (c)

Explanation

A cohesion module performs a single task within a software procedure, requiring little interaction with little procedures in other parts of software. Type of cohesion : • A module that performs takes that are related logically is logically cohesion • When a module contains takes that are related by the fact that all must be executed with the same span of time, the exhibits temporal cohesion • At the low end of the spectrum, a module that performs a set of takes that relate to each other loosely called coincidentally cohesive.

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The golden rule in module design is to maximize cohesion and minimize coupling. Encapsulation is the key to implementing this rule.

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Inheritance provides for code reuse, and public inheritance creates a subtype: a publicly derived class is a subtype of its base class. Both statements are correct.

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An interface is an empty shell: there are only the signatures of the methods, which do not have a body, so statement (2) is true. A class can extend only a single class, whereas it can implement multiple interfaces, so statement (1) is true.

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To make a class abstract, at least one member function should be made a pure virtual function.

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The member functions of a class which is given friend status by another class can access all private, protected and public members of the class granting friendship. Class friendship is neither reciprocal (commutative) nor transitive unless explicitly specified.

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Assigning one object reference variable to another copies only the reference (address), not the object. Both variables then refer to the same object; no distinct copy of the object is created. So a copy of the reference is created.

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A friend function of a class is defined outside that class's scope but has the right to access all private and protected members of the class. Even though the prototypes for friend functions appear in the class definition, friends are not member functions.

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To disallow a method from being overridden, specify final as a modifier at the start of its declaration. Methods declared as final cannot be overridden.

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An abstract class cannot be directly instantiated with the new operator; since an abstract class does not contain a complete implementation, it is not possible to create an abstract object.

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Statement I is true: a linker combines several object modules into a single load module. Statement II is wrong: a linker replaces symbolic references by addresses (it generates relocatable addresses), not absolute references by symbolic ones.

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In object-oriented programming, the decorator pattern (also known as wrapper) is a design pattern that allows behaviour to be added to an individual object, statically or dynamically at run-time, without affecting the behaviour of other objects of the same class.

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The book's solution: encapsulation allows us to focus on what something does without considering the complexities of how it works, and abstraction allows us to consider complex ideas while ignoring irrelevant details that would confuse us. Hence, as per the book, neither statement is correct.

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A GKS segment is any object described by GKS commands and data that start with CREATE SEGMENT and terminate with CLOSE SEGMENT. Segments allow objects to be manipulated by simply referring to the segment number, so segments can be translated, rotated, panned and zoomed.

Explanation

The ALU forms the processing unit (A-iii); timing and control belongs to the instruction unit (B-iv); the general-purpose registers are in the storage and interface unit (C-ii).