BPSC TRE 3.0 (2024) Computer Science Class 11-12 — Previous Year Paper

Explanation

The passage says "There is something here to please everyone" and praises Kerala's magical backwaters as an example of its variety, so both (A) and (B) are supported; (C) contradicts the passage.

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The passage advises a trip to the spice gardens in the hills "to inhale the fragrance of fresh cardamoms"; counting or buying spices is not mentioned.

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The passage states directly: "Kerala's cuisine is known for its spicy hot flavours."

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"The coconut and the spices give the food - especially the seafood - a pungency that is enhanced by tamarind", so both (A) and (B) describe it; Coca-Cola is not mentioned.

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The last line says bargain-hunters never have a problem "since English is spoken and understood everywhere in Kerala".

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"The" is used before a particular, known place; here a specific airport (the one you are flying from) is meant, so "the Airport".

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"Early" begins with a vowel sound, so the indefinite article "an" is used: "an early morning walk".

Explanation

30 April to 10 May is 10 days (1 day to 1 May + 9 more). 10 = 7 + 3, so Tuesday + 3 = Friday, which is not among the options.

Explanation

गद्यांश के अनुसार अजय रतन से नाराज होकर भाग रहा था, इसलिए रतन ने दौड़कर उसे रोकना चाहा।

Explanation

गद्यांश में कहा गया है कि रतन और अजय दिली दोस्त थे, 'इसलिए' रतन अजय को अच्छा छात्र बनने की सलाह देता था।

Explanation

गद्यांश के अनुसार रतन गरीब था और 'गरीब होकर भी पढ़ने में तेज था'; अतः (A) और (B) दोनों सही हैं। 'समझदार' शब्द गद्यांश में नहीं है।

Explanation

गद्यांश में स्पष्ट लिखा है – 'रतन और अजय दिली दोस्त थे।' भाई होने का कोई उल्लेख नहीं है।

Explanation

गद्यांश के अनुसार 'सभी शिक्षक उसके व्यवहार से प्रसन्न रहते थे', अर्थात् रतन के व्यवहार के कारण।

Explanation

अजय पढ़ने के बदले 'खेलने-कूदने और बदमाशी' में अधिक मन लगाता था; ये शब्द किसी विकल्प में नहीं हैं, इसलिए 'कोई नहीं' सही है।

Explanation

गद्यांश में कहा गया है – 'वे केवल वीर ही नहीं, बल्कि एक अच्छे राजनीतिज्ञ भी थे।'

Explanation

गद्यांश के अनुसार शिवाजी ने लोगों में 'एक राष्ट्र की भावना' भर दी और मराठा राज्य की स्थापना की।

Explanation

गद्यांश की पहली पंक्ति है – 'शिवाजी भारत के महान् वीरों में से एक थे।'

Explanation

गद्यांश में स्पष्ट है – 'उनके अच्छे गुणों के कारण सभी लोग उनका आदर करते थे।'

Explanation

'राजनीतिज्ञ' का अर्थ है राजनीति का ज्ञाता या जानकार व्यक्ति (राजनीति + ज्ञ)। दिए गए विकल्प 'नीति' का अर्थ बताते हैं, व्यक्ति का नहीं, इसलिए 'कोई नहीं'।

Explanation

गद्यांश शिवाजी की वीरता, राजनीति, राष्ट्र-भावना, धार्मिक सहिष्णुता और गुणों, यानी उनके पूरे जीवन का परिचय देता है, इसलिए 'शिवाजी का जीवन' उपयुक्त शीर्षक है।

Explanation

किसी विशेष व्यक्ति, स्थान या वस्तु का नाम व्यक्तिवाचक संज्ञा है। 'गंगा' और 'ब्रह्मपुत्र' विशेष नदियों के नाम हैं, जबकि 'नदी' जातिवाचक संज्ञा है।

Explanation

बोलने वाला अपने लिए जो सर्वनाम प्रयोग करता है (मैं, हम) वह उत्तम पुरुष है। 'तू' मध्यम पुरुष और 'वह' अन्य पुरुष है।

Explanation

'पर' और 'में' अधिकरण कारक के चिह्न हैं; 'दुकान पर' स्थान (आधार) बताता है।

Explanation

'पुष्प' संस्कृत का मूल (तत्सम) शब्द है। 'बच्चा' और 'चौदह' (चतुर्दश से) तद्भव/देशज रूप हैं।

Explanation

तीनों अशुद्ध हैं: शुद्ध रूप 'निरपराध', 'प्रामाणिक' और 'महत्त्व' हैं, इसलिए 'कोई नहीं'।

Explanation

'उत्कृष्ट' (श्रेष्ठ) का विलोम 'निकृष्ट' है। 'अधम' और 'नीच' क्रमशः 'उत्तम' और 'ऊँच' के विलोम माने जाते हैं।

Explanation

'यह कविता अनेक भाव प्रकट करती है' व्याकरण की दृष्टि से शुद्ध है। 'किसी भी आदमी' में 'भी' अनावश्यक है, शुद्ध रूप 'किसी आदमी को भेज दो' है।

Explanation

'जल' के पर्यायवाची हैं – पानी, नीर, वारि, अम्बु, तोय, जीवन, अमृत आदि; अतः तीनों विकल्प सही हैं।

Explanation

जहाँ लोगों का मिलन (एकत्र होना) हो, उसे 'सम्मेलन' कहते हैं।

Explanation

'खटाई में पड़ना' का अर्थ है किसी काम का झमेले या अनिश्चितता में पड़ जाना, यानी टल जाना।

Explanation

(x + 1/x)² = x² + 2·x·(1/x) + 1/x² = x² + 1/x² + 2. None of the options has the +2 term.

Explanation

Marked price = 1.10 × CP; after 10% discount SP = 1.10 × 0.90 = 0.99 × CP, i.e. a 1% loss.

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81 = 3⁴; dividing by 3 gives 27 = 3³, a perfect cube.

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Let the numbers be 2k and 5k; 5k − 2k = 3k = 66, so k = 22 and the numbers are 44 and 110. Option (C) lists them as 110 and 44 (order 5:2), which is presumably why the official key marks None of the above.

Explanation

Adjacent angles of a parallelogram are supplementary: A + B = 180°, with A:B = 1:2, so A = 180/3 = 60°.

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TSA = 2πr(r + h) = 2 × 22/7 × 7 × (7 + h) = 44(7 + h) = 968, so 7 + h = 22 and h = 15 cm.

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Same base: (m + 1) + 5 = 7, so m = 1.

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If x and y are inversely proportional, y = k/x, so their product xy = k stays constant; y/x = constant describes direct proportion.

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Each part has resistance R/5; five equal parts in parallel give R' = (R/5)/5 = R/25, so R/R' = 25.

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Power P = I²R = 15² × 8 = 1800 W, which is not among the options.

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Reading small print needs a magnifying glass, i.e. a convex lens of short focal length (such as 5 cm). A 50 cm convex lens magnifies little and concave lenses diminish, so none of the listed lenses is the right choice.

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The eye lens focuses light on the retina, where the image is formed and converted into nerve signals; the cornea and iris only refract and control light.

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The vas deferens is part of the male reproductive system (it carries sperm from the testis). Ovary and uterus are female organs.

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The anther is the part of the stamen that produces and contains pollen grains; ovules are in the ovary and sepals are outer floral leaves.

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Yeast reproduces by budding. Amoeba reproduces by binary fission and Plasmodium by multiple fission.

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Antacids neutralise excess stomach acid and relieve indigestion. Antibiotics fight bacteria and analgesics relieve pain.

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Under the CAA Rules, 2024, applications are examined by district-level committees headed by the Department of Posts and an empowered committee headed by the Director of Census Operations, so both (A) and (B) are involved.

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In February 2024 India launched UPI services in Mauritius (along with Sri Lanka), as listed in option (C).

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Gaganyaan is ISRO's human spaceflight mission to carry Indian astronauts into low Earth orbit.

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The G7 members are the USA, Canada, UK, France, Germany, Italy and Japan. Russia was suspended from the G8 in 2014, so it is not a member.

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Green hydrogen is produced by electrolysis of water using electricity from renewable sources such as solar or wind.

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In the 2024 cost-of-living index (Numbeo), Pakistan was ranked the cheapest country, with a lower cost of living than India, so the key treats Pakistan as better on this measure.

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Rajendra Prasad was among the lawyers and leaders who worked closely with Gandhiji during the Champaran Satyagraha of 1917 for the indigo farmers.

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Mercury looks like the Moon: it has almost no atmosphere and its surface is heavily cratered.

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The oldest human fossils (e.g., at Olduvai Gorge and other East African sites) come from the Rift Valley of Africa, considered the cradle of mankind.

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Dry-point settlements grow on raised dry ground in areas that flood or are marshy; the official key accepts more than one of the listed regions.

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Rohtas is the leading paddy-producing district of Bihar and is called the 'Rice Bowl of Bihar'.

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Tehran lies at the southern foot of the Alborz (Elburz) mountains in northern Iran.

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Official BPSC final answer key: (E), with the remark that the highest peak in the Eastern Ghats is Jindhagada (Arma Konda), which is not among the options.

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NCERT notes that grazing and fuelwood collection by local people are often blamed but are not a major cause of forest depletion compared with agricultural expansion and large development projects.

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Bhagalpur is famous for Tussar silk and is known as the 'Silk City' of India.

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Lord Chelmsford was Viceroy (1916-1921) when the Jallianwala Bagh massacre happened on 13 April 1919.

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W. C. Bonnerjee presided over the first INC session at Bombay in December 1885.

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Dadabhai Naoroji is known as the 'Grand Old Man of India'; he also gave the drain theory.

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Gandhiji launched the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920) and the Quit India Movement (1942). The Swadeshi Movement began in 1905 against the Partition of Bengal, before Gandhi's return.

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Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel led the Bardoli Satyagraha (1928) against increased land revenue and got the title 'Sardar' from it.

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Annie Besant and Tilak founded the Home Rule Leagues (1916), and Sarojini Naidu was also an active member of the movement, so all three are associated with it.

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Swami Sahajanand Saraswati, who started the Bihar Provincial Kisan Sabha in 1929, became the first president of the All India Kisan Sabha formed in 1936.

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NAND and NOR are both universal gates, so any digital circuit can be built by repeatedly using either one. AND alone is not universal.

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None of the statements fit digital circuits: they use discrete (0/1) signals rather than analog or continuous voltage levels, and they are well suited to high-speed operation.

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Computers, mobile phones and digital cameras all process information as digital (binary) signals, so more than one option is correct.

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A truth table with n inputs has 2ⁿ rows, so 4 inputs give 2⁴ = 16 rows.

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A negative (low) level-triggered flip-flop responds to its inputs and can change state only while the clock is at its low (0) level.

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Bitwise AND gives 1 only where both bits are 1: 1010 AND 1100 = 1000.

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A half adder adds two bits and outputs a Sum (A XOR B) and a Carry (A AND B). Difference and Borrow are the outputs of a half subtractor.

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PROM, EPROM and MROM (mask ROM) are all types of read-only memory, so more than one option is correct.

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PLA stands for Programmable Logic Array, a device with a programmable AND array followed by a programmable OR array.

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An 8-to-1 multiplexer needs n select lines where 2ⁿ = 8, so n = 3.

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1234 = 4×256 + 13×16 + 2, so it is 4D2 in hex. In octal, 2×512 + 3×64 + 2×8 + 2 = 1234 gives 2322, and binary 100 1101 0010 is 10011010010.

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Booth's algorithm multiplies signed binary numbers in two's complement form.

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Hamming code, CRC and checksum are all codes for detecting errors (Hamming can also correct them), so more than one option is correct.

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A BCD digit uses 4 bits but only codes 0 to 9, so its maximum value is 9. That is not among the options; any sum above 9 needs +6 correction.

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1011 = 11, and .1101 = 0.5 + 0.25 + 0 + 0.0625 = 0.8125, so the value is 11.8125. None of the listed values matches.

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De Morgan's theorems, (AB)' = A' + B' and (A + B)' = A'B', are used to simplify Boolean expressions and to turn circuits into NAND/NOR-only forms, so both A and B are correct.

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A don't-care condition marks an input combination whose output value does not matter, so it can be taken as 0 or 1 to simplify a K-map.

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Stack, queue and array are all linear data structures. Trees and graphs are non-linear, and neither is listed.

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A hash table supports search, insertion and deletion in O(1) average time. A stack or queue only gives access at its ends.

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In a BST, keys smaller than a node go in its left subtree and larger keys in its right subtree.

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Official BPSC final answer key: (E). The expression leaves an unused operand “8”, so no listed value is correct.

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In a height-balanced (AVL) binary tree, the heights of the left and right subtrees of every node differ by at most 1.

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The fragment int a[] = {1,2,3,} *p; is missing a separator before *p, so it will not compile. It gives neither a junk value, 3, nor a runtime error.

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The front element d must stay in place. Delete a, b and c (3 deletions) and add them back as c, b, a (3 additions), giving d, c, b, a.

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Binary search halves the search range at each step, so its order is O(log n). That is not among N, N log n or N².

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Root 15. The left subtree from 10, 12, 11 is 10 with right child 12, whose left child is 11. The right subtree is 20 with left child 18, whose children are 16 and 19. Postorder: 11, 12, 10, 16, 19, 18, 20, 15.

Explanation

The number of distinct BSTs on n keys is the Catalan number C(n) = (2n)!/((n+1)! n!). For n = 4, C(4) = 14.

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sizeof only looks at the type of its operand and does not evaluate the expression, so k /= i+j never runs. It prints 4 (size of int), then k is still 15.

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Big-O gives an asymptotic upper bound on the growth of an algorithm's running time, usually used for the worst case. Big-Omega gives the lower bound.

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Divide and Conquer has three steps: divide, conquer and combine. All three listed options are steps, so none of them is "NOT a step".

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Merge sort splits the array into halves, sorts each half recursively and merges them, which is the divide-and-conquer paradigm.

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A spanning tree connects all N vertices with no cycle, so it has exactly N − 1 edges.

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Greedy, Divide and Conquer and Dynamic Programming are algorithm design paradigms, not graph traversal algorithms (BFS and DFS are), so more than one option is correct.

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The shortest path problem can be solved in polynomial time (for example with Dijkstra's algorithm), so it is not NP-complete. TSP (decision version) and SAT are NP-complete.

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Array elements sit in contiguous memory, so any element can be accessed directly by its index in O(1). Insertion and deletion cost O(n), and the elements must all be the same type.

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Basic data structure operations are traversal, insertion, deletion, searching, sorting and merging. Encryption is a security operation.

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Real-time, embedded and network operating systems are all types of OS, so more than one option is correct.

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Paging and segmentation are memory management techniques. Fragmentation is a problem (wasted memory) they have to deal with, not a technique.

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NTFS (Windows), FAT32 (Windows and removable media) and HFS+ (macOS) are all common file systems, so more than one option is correct.

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The interrupt types are hardware, software (traps) and internal or exception interrupts. "Memory interrupt" is not a standard type.

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A page is a fixed-size block of the logical (virtual) address space. The matching fixed-size block of physical memory is called a frame.

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The offset must address every byte in a page: 4 KB = 2¹² bytes, so 12 offset bits are needed. The 64 GB physical size affects only the frame number.

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The segment base is the starting physical address where the segment is placed in memory, and the limit gives its length.

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Thrashing happens when processes do not have enough frames, so pages are swapped in and out constantly. The CPU then spends more time paging than executing.

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Official BPSC final answer key: (A). Note: many solutions take 10 GB used − 6 GB physical = 4 GB swapped out, option (B).

Explanation

A TLB is a small, fast associative memory that compares all its entries at once, so it is typically organised as an associative cache.

Explanation

Create, delete and rename are all standard file operations, along with open, read, write and close. More than one option is correct.

Explanation

Head movements: 53→98 (45), 183 (85), 37 (146), 122 (85), 14 (108), 124 (110), 65 (59), 67 (2). The total is 640 cylinders.

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Threads of the same process share the code section, the data section and OS resources such as open files. Each thread has its own thread ID, program counter, registers and stack.

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Relational, object-oriented, hierarchical and network are types of DBMS. "Sequential" describes a file organisation, not a DBMS model.

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A primary key uniquely identifies each record (row) in a table and cannot be NULL. Linking tables is the job of a foreign key.

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2NF requires 1NF and that every non-prime attribute depend fully on the whole primary key, with no partial dependency on part of a composite key.

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INSERT INTO table VALUES (...) adds new rows. CREATE makes database objects such as tables.

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Copies of the same data at several sites can get out of sync, which causes data inconsistency. Better data accessibility is an advantage.

Explanation

A router connects separate networks and forwards packets between them using IP addresses. Devices within one LAN are connected by a switch.

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Routing and forwarding packets is the job of the Network Layer (Layer 3), which is not among the options.

Explanation

A switch connects many devices within the same LAN and forwards frames to the correct port using MAC addresses. A router links different networks.

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SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) sends email between servers. FTP transfers files and HTTP serves web pages.

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The subnet mask separates an IP address into its network and host portions: the 1 bits mark the network part and the 0 bits mark the host part. So A and B are both correct.

Explanation

Bluetooth 5.0 (Low Energy) supports a maximum data rate of 2 Mbps, twice the 1 Mbps of Bluetooth 4.x LE.

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Waterfall, Agile and Spiral are all SDLC models, so more than one option is correct.

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Software requirements are classified as functional, non-functional and system requirements. "Physical requirements" is not a standard category.

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Verification asks "are we building the product right?" (does it match the specification). Validation asks "are we building the right product?" (does it meet user needs).

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A prototype is an early working model built to understand and refine user requirements through feedback. It is not the final version, does not replace documentation, and is not mainly meant to speed up development.

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Software engineering aims to deliver quality software that meets user requirements within budget and on schedule.

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Inheritance, encapsulation and abstraction, along with polymorphism, are the pillars of OOP, so more than one option is correct.

Explanation

Java uses extends for class inheritance (class B extends A). implements is used with interfaces, and inherits is not a Java keyword.

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Java's default (package-private) access, with no modifier at all, makes a member visible only to classes in the same package.

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Inheritance lets a class acquire the properties (fields) and behaviour (methods) of another class. Overriding is a separate feature that inheritance makes possible.

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HTML defines the structure and content of web pages. CSS adds styling and JavaScript adds interactivity.

Explanation

HTML and CSS are client-side markup and styling languages, and C++ is not a web scripting language. Server-side languages such as PHP, ASP or JSP are not listed.

Explanation

Turing proved the halting problem is undecidable: no algorithm can decide for every program and input whether it halts. So it has no computational complexity; it is not computable.

Explanation

A standard Turing machine has an input tape (which is also its working tape), a read/write head and a finite control unit. It has no separate output tape.

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Bluetooth (including BLE) is a low-power, short-range wireless technology widely used in IoT devices. Wi-Fi and 4G cover longer ranges and use more power.

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MQTT is a lightweight publish-subscribe messaging protocol designed for IoT device communication.

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Machine learning, robotics and natural language processing are all subfields of AI, so more than one option is correct.

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A decision tree learns from labelled training data, so it is supervised learning. K-means is unsupervised, and reinforcement learning is a separate paradigm.

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B2C, C2B and C2C are all common e-commerce models, so none of them is the odd one out.

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Amazon sells products directly to individual consumers, making it B2C. Alibaba is mainly B2B, and Google is a search engine.

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Adobe Flash was used to create interactive multimedia (animation, audio, video), so it is an authoring tool. Word is a word processor and Photoshop is an image editor.