All 100 questions of DSSSB TGT Computer Science PYQ (Technical), 12 Sep 2025, Shift 1 (9:00 AM) with the correct answer from the official answer key and a solution. Read them free on UTpaper, or attempt the paper as a timed online test.
How does the Best Fit algorithm impact system performance?
AIt improves system performance by reducing memory wastage.
BIt may reduce system performance due to increased search time for free blocks.
CIt always improves system performance.
DIt improves system performance by reducing external fragmentation.
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Correct answer: (B) It may reduce system performance due to increased search time for free blocks.
Explanation
Best Fit must search the whole free list (or keep it sorted) to find the smallest hole that fits, so allocation takes longer. It also leaves many tiny unusable holes, so it does not guarantee less wastage or better performance.
Which of the following SQL expressions evaluates to TRUE, according to SQL-99?
ANULL <= NULL returns UNKNOWN
BNULL >= NULL returns UNKNOWN
CNULL IS NULL returns FALSE
DNULL IS NULL returns TRUE
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Correct answer: (D) NULL IS NULL returns TRUE
Explanation
Any ordinary comparison involving NULL (=, <=, >= etc.) gives UNKNOWN, not TRUE. The IS NULL predicate is the special test for nulls, so NULL IS NULL is TRUE.
Which of the following statements is false about universal logic gates?
AAll basic logic gates can be implemented through universal logic gates.
BNOR gate is known as universal logic gate.
CNAND gate is known as universal logic gate.
DAll basic logic gates cannot be implemented using universal logic gates.
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Correct answer: (D) All basic logic gates cannot be implemented using universal logic gates.
Explanation
NAND and NOR are universal gates precisely because AND, OR and NOT (and hence every other gate) can be built from them alone, so the statement that basic gates cannot be built from them is false.
If a process arrives at time 5, what is the latest possible time for it to start execution if there
are no other processes in the system?
ATime 6
BTime 0
CTime 5
DTime 4
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (C) Time 5
Explanation
With no other process competing, the CPU is idle and the process is dispatched as soon as it arrives, at time 5. It cannot start before it arrives (time 0 or 4).
Which of the following describes the use of digital certificates in authentication?
AThey store the user's passwords.
BThey compress large files for secure transfer.
CThey verify the identity of entities using Public Key Infrastructure (PKI).
DThey encrypt data transmission.
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Correct answer: (C) They verify the identity of entities using Public Key Infrastructure (PKI).
Explanation
Note: the official answer key marks option 2. Conceptually, digital certificates verify the identity of an entity using PKI (option 3). The key has been kept as published.
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of distributed systems?
AScalability
BHigh communication latency
CResource sharing
DFault tolerance
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Correct answer: (B) High communication latency
Explanation
High communication latency is a drawback of distributed systems caused by network delays. Scalability, resource sharing and fault tolerance are their main benefits.
The schema is the overall logical design (structure) of the database, which rarely changes. An instance is the data stored in the database at a particular moment.
In an acyclic graph directory structure, what is a common method used to implement shared
directories or files?
AFile duplication
BSymbolic (soft) links
CHard links
DDirectory pointers
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (B) Symbolic (soft) links
Explanation
In an acyclic-graph directory, a shared file or subdirectory is usually implemented with a link, a special directory entry (symbolic link) that holds the path of the real file, so the same file appears in several directories without copying.
What is the ARP reply's scope in terms of message type?
AAnycast
BUnicast
CMulticast
DBroadcast
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (B) Unicast
Explanation
An ARP request is broadcast to all hosts on the LAN, but the reply is sent unicast directly to the requesting host, whose MAC address is already known from the request.
Which technology is commonly used in Wi-Fi to enhance signal range and reliability?
AMIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output)
BWEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy)
CTDMA (Time Division Multiple Access)
DCDMA (Code Division Multiple Access)
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (A) MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output)
Explanation
MIMO uses several antennas at the transmitter and receiver (spatial multiplexing, diversity), which raises throughput, range and reliability in 802.11n/ac/ax Wi-Fi. WEP is an old security protocol, not a range technique.
In which scheduling algorithm does the disk head move in one direction, satisfying all
requests until it reaches the end, and then reverses direction?
ASCAN
BSSTF
CLOOK
DFCFS
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (A) SCAN
Explanation
SCAN (elevator algorithm) moves the head in one direction serving requests all the way to the end of the disk, then reverses. LOOK reverses at the last request instead of the disk end.
How does the receiver handle out-of-order frames in Selective Repeat?
ARequests retransmission of all frames
BSends a cumulative acknowledgment
CBuffers them until all missing frames arrive
DDiscards them immediately
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Correct answer: (C) Buffers them until all missing frames arrive
Explanation
In Selective Repeat the receiver accepts and buffers correctly received out-of-order frames, and only the missing frames are retransmitted; it then delivers them in order. Go-Back-N is the protocol that discards them.
____________ is NOT allowed in a SQL:1999 view definition.
AUse of subqueries
BUse of nested queries
CUse of aggregate formulas
DUse of ORDER BY clause
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (D) Use of ORDER BY clause
Explanation
A view is a virtual table, and standard SQL (SQL:1999) does not allow ORDER BY in the view's defining query; ordering is applied when the view is queried. Subqueries and aggregates are allowed.
Select the correct SQL statement which will correctly insert a new row into the Customer table
with only the CustomerID, Name, and Product columns specified, assuming the table allows
NULLs for other columns.
AINSERT Customer SET CustomerID=101, Name='Alice', Product='Pen';
BINSERT INTO Customer VALUES (101, 'Alice', 'Pen');
CINSERT INTO Customer (101, 'Alice', 'Pen');
DINSERT INTO Customer (CustomerID, Name, Product) VALUES (101, 'Alice', 'Pen');
To insert values into only some columns, list those columns after the table name and give matching values: INSERT INTO table (cols) VALUES (...). Option B gives no column list, so it expects values for all columns.
Which SQL statement is used to update data in a table?
ACHANGE
BMODIFY
CUPDATE
DSET
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (C) UPDATE
Explanation
UPDATE ... SET ... WHERE ... is the DML command that changes existing rows. SET is only a clause of UPDATE, and MODIFY is used with ALTER TABLE in some systems.
What does the TCP service model guarantee about the order of data delivery?
AData is delivered in the order it is transmitted.
BData is not guaranteed to arrive in any specific order.
CData may arrive out of order and is handled by the application layer.
DData is delivered as fast as possible.
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (A) Data is delivered in the order it is transmitted.
Explanation
TCP provides a reliable, in-order byte stream: sequence numbers let the receiver reorder segments, so the application gets data in the same order it was sent. UDP gives no ordering guarantee.
class Parent {
protected void protectedMethod() {
System.out.println("Protected method in Parent");
}
}
class Child extends Parent {
public void childMethod() {
protectedMethod();
}
}
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Child child = new Child();
child.childMethod();
}
}
What will happen when the code is executed?
AThe code will compile and print 'Protected method in Parent'.
BCompilation Error: The protectedMethod is not visible in the Child class.
CCompilation Error: childMethod is not visible due to access restrictions.
DRuntime Error: Cannot access protectedMethod from the Child class.
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (A) The code will compile and print 'Protected method in Parent'.
Explanation
A protected member is accessible in a subclass, so Child can call protectedMethod() directly. The code compiles and prints "Protected method in Parent".
What happens when the following code executes?
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
char buffer[50];
int n = sprintf(buffer, "Hello, World!");
printf("%d %s", n, buffer);
return 0;
}
APrints '13 Hello'
BPrints '12 Hello'
CPrints '12 Hello, World!'
DPrints '13 Hello, World!'
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Correct answer: (D) Prints '13 Hello, World!'
Explanation
sprintf writes "Hello, World!" into buffer and returns the number of characters written, which is 13 (5 + comma + space + 5 + !). printf then prints "13 Hello, World!".
Which of the following is true about nested switch statements in C?
ABoth inner and outer switch statements must have a default case.
BA switch statement cannot contain another switch.
CInner switch cases should not contain break statement
DA switch statement can contain another switch statement inside any of its cases.
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Correct answer: (D) A switch statement can contain another switch statement inside any of its cases.
Explanation
C allows switch statements to be nested: any case of an outer switch can contain a complete inner switch. A default case is optional and break is allowed inside inner cases.
What will be the output of the following code?
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int x = -1, y = 0, z = 1;
int result = (x > 0) ? x : (y == 0) ? z : y;
printf("%d", result);
return 0;
}
Acompile time error
B−1
C1
D0
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (C) 1
Explanation
x > 0 is false, so the second conditional (y == 0) ? z : y is evaluated. y is 0, so the result is z = 1.
How many times will the innermost loop execute in the below code?
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
for(int i=0; i<3; i++)
{
for(int j=0; j<2; j++)
{
printf("%d ",i);
}
}
return 0;
}
A6 times
B3 times
C5 times
D2 times
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (A) 6 times
Explanation
The outer loop runs 3 times (i = 0,1,2) and the inner loop runs 2 times for each, so the inner body executes 3 x 2 = 6 times.
while (1) has a condition that is always true (non-zero) and nothing inside the body to break out, so it never ends. The for loops terminate and do { } while (0) runs once.
super refers to the immediate parent (superclass) object; it is used to call parent constructors and access parent methods or fields. The current object is referred to by this.
What will be the output of the following code snippet?
#include<stdio.h>
int main() {
int a = 5, b = 3, c = 0;
if (a > b > c) {
printf("True\n");
} else {
printf("False\n");
}
return 0;
}
Acompile time error
Bundefined behavior
CTRUE
DFALSE
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (C) TRUE
Explanation
Relational operators are evaluated left to right: (5 > 3) gives 1, then 1 > 0 gives 1 (true), so "True" is printed.
Which of the following statements is false about simplification of Boolean functions using
Karnaugh Map technique?
AKarnaugh Map technique is used to simplify Product of Sum (POS) form of Boolean
functions.
BIn Karnaugh Map, the rows and columns are represented in binary code sequence.
CIn Karnaugh Map, you group adjacent squares in the form of power of two and try to
cover as many minterms or maxterms as you can in one group.
DKarnaugh Map technique is used to simplify Sum of Product (SOP) form of Boolean
functions.
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (B) In Karnaugh Map, the rows and columns are represented in binary code sequence.
Explanation
In a K-map, rows and columns are labelled in Gray code (00, 01, 11, 10) so adjacent cells differ by one bit; plain binary order (00, 01, 10, 11) would break adjacency. K-maps simplify both SOP and POS forms.
public class ExceptionTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
System.out.println("Result: " + calculate(10, 0));
} catch (ArithmeticException e) {
System.out.println("ArithmeticException caught: " + e.getMessage());
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("General exception caught: " + e.getMessage());
} finally {
System.out.println("In finally block.");
}
}
public static int calculate(int a, int b) throws Exception {
try {
return a / b;
} catch (ArithmeticException e) {
throw new Exception("Division by zero not allowed");
} finally {
System.out.println("Inner finally block executed.");
}
}
}
What will be the output of the program?
AInner finally block executed. General exception caught: / by zero In finally block.
BInner finally block executed.
General exception caught: Division by zero not allowed
In finally block.
CInner finally block executed.
Result: 0
In finally block.
DInner finally block executed.
ArithmeticException caught: / by zero
In finally block.
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (B) Inner finally block executed.
General exception caught: Division by zero not allowed
In finally block.
Explanation
10/0 throws ArithmeticException inside calculate, which is caught and replaced by new Exception("Division by zero not allowed"). The inner finally prints first, then main's catch (Exception) prints that message, and finally main's finally block runs.
What is the objective of encapsulation in object-oriented programming?
ATo create multiple instances of a class
BTo enable one class to inherit from another class
CTo allow objects to take multiple forms
DTo combine data and methods that operate on that data within a single unit
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (D) To combine data and methods that operate on that data within a single unit
Explanation
Encapsulation bundles data and the methods that act on it into one unit (class) and hides internal details. Inheritance and polymorphism are options B and C.
What will be the output of the following code?
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int a = 10, b = 20;
int max = (a > b) ? a : b;
printf("%d", max);
return 0;
}
A30
Bcompile time error
C10
D20
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (D) 20
Explanation
a > b (10 > 20) is false, so the conditional operator returns b, and 20 is printed.
What will be the output of the following program?
class CustomException extends Exception {
public CustomException(String message) {
super(message);
}
}
public class TestCustomException {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
validateAge(15);
} catch (CustomException e) {
System.out.println("Caught Exception: " + e.getMessage());
} finally {
System.out.println("Execution finished.");
}
}
public static void validateAge(int age) throws CustomException {
if (age < 18) {
throw new CustomException("Age must be 18 or above.");
}
System.out.println("Age is valid.");
}
}
ACaught Exception: null
Execution finished.
BCompilation error because custom exceptions cannot extend Exception.
CAge is valid.
Execution finished.
DCaught Exception: Age must be 18 or above.
Execution finished.
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (D) Caught Exception: Age must be 18 or above.
Execution finished.
Explanation
validateAge(15) throws CustomException with the message "Age must be 18 or above.", so "Age is valid." is never printed. The catch prints the message and the finally block prints "Execution finished.".
What does the first dimension and the second dimension represents in a two-dimensional
character array?
AThe first dimension stores the length of each name, and the second stores the number
of names.
BThe first dimension represents the number of names in the array, and the second
dimension represents the maximum length of each name.
CThe first dimension represents the maximum length of the names, and the second
dimension represents the number of names.
DThe first dimension holds the total number of characters, and the second dimension
stores the number of names.
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (B) The first dimension represents the number of names in the array, and the second
dimension represents the maximum length of each name.
Explanation
In char names[N][L], the first dimension is the number of strings (rows) and the second is the maximum length of each string, including the null character.
Which of the following asymptotic notation gives asymptotically tight upper bound as well as
asymptotically tight lower bound?
AOmega (Ω)
BBig Oh (O)
CTheta (Θ)
DSmall Omega (ω)
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (C) Theta (Θ)
Explanation
Theta notation bounds a function both from above and below by constant multiples of g(n), giving an asymptotically tight bound. Big O gives only an upper bound and Omega only a lower bound.
Correct answer: (D) To display and navigate web pages
Explanation
A web browser retrieves, renders and displays web pages and lets the user navigate between them through links. Creating websites and email are done with other software.
What will be the output of the C program given below?
#include <stdio.h>
int* func()
{
static int arr[5] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
return arr;
}
int main()
{
int* ptr = func();
printf("Array Elements: ");
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
printf("%d ", *ptr);
}
return 0;
}
A1 1 3 4 1
B2 3 4 5 0
C1 2 3 4 5
D1 1 1 1 1
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (D) 1 1 1 1 1
Explanation
ptr is never incremented inside the loop, so *ptr always reads arr[0] = 1, printing 1 five times (after "Array Elements: "). To print 1 2 3 4 5 the loop would need ptr[i] or *(ptr + i).
In DHTML, a style is changed at run time by assigning to the element's style object, e.g. element.style.backgroundColor = "red". There is no setCSS() method, and resize is an event, not a styling method.
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about the storage classes in C?
AThe scope of variable in automatic storage class is local to the block in which the
variable is defined.
BIn Register storage class, the default initial value of the variable is zero.
CIn static storage class, the default initial value of the variable is zero.
DIn Register storage class, the storage of a variable is CPU register.
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (B) In Register storage class, the default initial value of the variable is zero.
Explanation
Register variables, like automatic ones, have a garbage (undefined) initial value if not initialised; only static and global variables default to zero. So statement B is incorrect.
What will be the output of the given C program?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
{
int x = 10, y = 20;
{
{
int y = 40;
x++;
y++;
}
printf("x = %d, y = %d\n", x, y);
}
}
return 0;
}
Ax = 11, y = 41
Bx = 10, y = 41
Cx = 10, y = 20
Dx = 11, y = 20
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (D) x = 11, y = 20
Explanation
The inner block declares a new y = 40, which shadows the outer y; y++ changes only that inner copy. x is not redeclared, so x++ changes the outer x to 11. The printf sees x = 11 and the outer y = 20.
Which advantage of AJAX helps in reducing bandwidth consumption?
AAJAX uses less JavaScript.
BAJAX only loads images on the page.
CAJAX increases data transfer.
DAJAX sends and retrieves only small amounts of data from the server.
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (D) AJAX sends and retrieves only small amounts of data from the server.
Explanation
AJAX exchanges only the small pieces of data needed in the background and updates part of the page, instead of reloading the whole page, so less data is transferred.
Which of the following cases DOES NOT exist when one computes the time complexity of an
algorithm?
AAverage case
BWorst case
CTest Case
DBest Case
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (C) Test Case
Explanation
Time complexity is analysed for the best, average and worst cases. A "test case" is an input used in software testing, not a case of complexity analysis.
Which of the following options is correct about the functions in C language?
AActual parameters are declared in the function definition.
BActual parameters are always variables.
CActual parameters are used to define the function signature and to specify the type and
number of arguments that a function can accept.
DActual parameters are the values that are passed to a function when it is called.
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (D) Actual parameters are the values that are passed to a function when it is called.
Explanation
Actual parameters (arguments) are the values or expressions passed in the function call. The parameters declared in the function definition are formal parameters, and actual arguments need not be variables (constants and expressions work too).
Which of the following DHTML methods is used to control the browser window size, such as
resizing it dynamically via JavaScript?
Awindow.resizeTo()
Bwindow.setSize()
Cwindow.changeSize()
Ddocument.resizeWindow()
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (A) window.resizeTo()
Explanation
window.resizeTo(width, height) resizes the browser window to the given size (resizeBy changes it by an amount). setSize(), changeSize() and resizeWindow() do not exist.
Which sorting technique is best for sorting a linked list with n elements?
AInsertion sort
BBubble sort
CMerge sort
DSelection sort
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (C) Merge sort
Explanation
Merge sort suits linked lists: it needs only sequential access, splits the list by moving pointers, merges without extra arrays and runs in O(n log n). Other sorts are O(n²) or need random access.
Which of the following PHP functions is used to sort an array in ascending order without
affecting the keys?
Aksort()
Barray_sort()
Casort()
Dsort()
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (C) asort()
Explanation
asort() sorts an array by value in ascending order while keeping each key associated with its value. sort() re-indexes the keys, and ksort() sorts by key.
Which tool is used to adjust the brightness and contrast of an image in Adobe Photoshop?
AHealing brush tool
BPaint bucket tool
CAdjustments panel
DSelection tool
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (C) Adjustments panel
Explanation
Brightness/Contrast and other tonal corrections are applied from the Adjustments panel (Image > Adjustments) in Photoshop. The healing brush repairs blemishes and the paint bucket fills areas with colour.
An array name is not a modifiable lvalue, so a string cannot be assigned with arr = "..." after declaration (and "consultancy" needs 12 chars, more than 6). Strings must be given at initialisation or copied with strcpy.
Which of the following formats is commonly used for exporting images for the web?
APNG
BPSD
CBMP
DTIFF
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (A) PNG
Explanation
PNG is a compressed, lossless format with transparency that all browsers support, so it is commonly used for web images. PSD is Photoshop's working file, and BMP/TIFF are large and not web-friendly.
What will be the output of the given C program?
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int a = 4;
int b = 3;
int result;
result = a ^ b;
printf("%d", result);
return 0;
}
A0
B3
C4
D7
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (D) 7
Explanation
^ is bitwise XOR: 4 = 100 and 3 = 011, so 100 XOR 011 = 111 = 7.
In singly linked list, each node of the list consists of ___________.
Adata value and address of next node
BNULL and address of the next node
CNULL and address of the previous node
Ddata value and address of previous node
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (A) data value and address of next node
Explanation
Each node of a singly linked list holds the data and a pointer (address) to the next node; the last node's pointer is NULL. A previous-node pointer is used in doubly linked lists.
Which of the following statements is correct about the divide and conquer approach of binary
search technique?
AThe recurrence relation of binary search is written as T(n) = 2T(n/2) + O(1), where n is the number of elements in the array.
BThe worst-case time complexity of binary search is O(log n).
CThe best-case time complexity of binary search is O(log n).
DThe average-case time complexity of binary search is O(n).
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (B) The worst-case time complexity of binary search is O(log n).
Explanation
Each step compares with the middle element and discards half the array, so T(n) = T(n/2) + O(1), giving O(log n) in the worst case. The best case is O(1) and the average case is O(log n), and the recurrence has T(n/2) once, not twice.
If A =
[ 1 0 0 ]
[ 0 -1 0 ]
[ 1 0 1 ]
then the matrix for A⁶ is __________.
A[ 6 0 0 ]
[ 0 6 0 ]
[ 6 0 6 ]
B[ 1 0 0 ]
[ 0 -1 0 ]
[ 6 0 1 ]
C[ 1 0 0 ]
[ 0 -1 0 ]
[ 1 0 1 ]
D[ 1 0 0 ]
[ 0 1 0 ]
[ 6 0 1 ]
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (D) [ 1 0 0 ]
[ 0 1 0 ]
[ 6 0 1 ]
Explanation
Squaring gives row 3 = [2, 0, 1] and the middle entry (-1)² = 1. In general A^n has row 3 = [n, 0, 1] and middle entry (-1)^n, so A⁶ has row 3 = [6, 0, 1] and middle entry 1.
The magnetic moment of a bar magnet is _____ the magnetic moment of an equivalent
solenoid if the solenoid's magnetic field is _______ that of the bar magnet.
Aequal to ; same as
Bmore than ; same as
Cless than ; same as
Dequal to ; different from
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (A) equal to ; same as
Explanation
A long solenoid behaves like a bar magnet. If both produce the same magnetic field, their magnetic moments must be equal.
Which of the following is a disadvantage of singly linked list?
AAccessing an element in a singly linked list requires traversal from the head, making it
slower than arrays.
BDeletion operation at the beginning of the linked list is performed in O(1) time.
CInsertion operation at the beginning of the linked list is performed in O (1) time.
DLinked lists have a variable size.
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (A) Accessing an element in a singly linked list requires traversal from the head, making it
slower than arrays.
Explanation
To reach the k-th element in a singly linked list you must traverse from the head, O(n), whereas arrays allow direct access by index. O(1) insertion and deletion at the start and variable size are advantages.
During the financial year 2024-25, the total purchases of ABC Ltd. were ₹1,90,000. If the gross profit of ABC Ltd. was 20% on sales and the closing stock was ₹30,000 more than the opening stock, what was the gross profit earned by ABC Ltd. during the year 2024-25?
A₹35,000.00
B₹52,000.00
C₹25,000.00
D₹40,000.00
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (D) ₹40,000.00
Explanation
Cost of goods sold = purchases - increase in stock = 1,90,000 - 30,000 = 1,60,000. With 20% gross profit on sales, COGS is 80% of sales, so sales = 2,00,000 and gross profit = 40,000.
ATo extend the physical memory using secondary storage
BTo provide cache storage
CTo store BIOS settings
DTo increase CPU speed
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (A) To extend the physical memory using secondary storage
Explanation
Virtual memory uses part of secondary storage (disk) as an extension of RAM, so programs larger than physical memory can run, with pages swapped in and out as needed.
Which of the following is true about the for loop in C?
AA for loop cannot be nested inside another for loop.
BThe condition in a for loop is optional, and it can result in an infinite loop if omitted.
CA for loop must always have all three components: initialization, condition, and
increment/decrement.
DThe increment/decrement part of the for loop is mandatory.
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (B) The condition in a for loop is optional, and it can result in an infinite loop if omitted.
Explanation
All three parts of a for loop are optional. If the condition is omitted, it is treated as always true, e.g. for(;;), giving an infinite loop unless break is used. For loops can also be nested.
On 15 December 2024, a fire occurred in the godown of M Ltd., and the entire stock was destroyed. The value of the stock salvaged was ₹3,00,000. The following transactions took place between 1 October 2024 and 15 December 2024 (Purchases, Sales, Wages, Opening Stock, Gross Profit).
[The figures of this table are not reproduced in the source paper.]
The value of stock lost by fire was ____.
A₹2,55,000
B₹6,30,000
C₹6,75,000
D₹5,92,000
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (B) ₹6,30,000
Explanation
Note: the figures of the table (Purchases, Sales, Wages, Opening Stock, Gross Profit) are missing in the source paper. The official answer key marks ₹6,30,000.
Two identical cells of emf = 1.5 V and internal resistance = 0.5 Ω are connected in series. If the current drawn from the cells is 1 A, then the effective terminal potential difference of the cells will be __________.
A1 V
B0.75 V
C2 V
D0.5 V
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (C) 2 V
Explanation
In series, total emf = 1.5 + 1.5 = 3 V and total internal resistance = 0.5 + 0.5 = 1 Ω. Terminal voltage V = E - Ir = 3 - 1 x 1 = 2 V.
MC Publications has received rent amounting to ₹2,50,000 during the financial year ending
31st March 2024. Out of this ₹50,000 represents rent relating to next financial year. The rent
account to be credited to the profit and loss account for the year ended 31st March 2024 is
________ and the rent received in advance will be shown as a/an ________.
A₹1,50,000; Liability
B₹2,00,000; Asset
C₹3,00,000; Asset
D₹2,00,000; Liability
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Correct answer: (D) ₹2,00,000; Liability
Explanation
Only the rent for the current year is income: 2,50,000 - 50,000 = 2,00,000 goes to the P&L account. Rent received in advance is unearned income, a current liability in the balance sheet.
Which of the following is NOT a tertiary business activity?
ATransportation
BWarehousing
CInsurance
DManufacturing
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Correct answer: (D) Manufacturing
Explanation
Manufacturing is a secondary (industrial) activity because it converts raw materials into goods. Transport, warehousing and insurance are tertiary activities (aids to trade/services).
The control unit directs the instruction cycle: it fetches each instruction, decodes it and generates the control signals that carry out its execution.
Which of the following is a key design goal of an Instruction Set Architecture?
AMinimizing the transistor count
BEnsuring only complex instructions are supported
CMaximizing the instruction decode time
DBalancing simplicity and performance for ease of programming and efficiency
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Correct answer: (D) Balancing simplicity and performance for ease of programming and efficiency
Explanation
An ISA is designed to balance simplicity (easy to program and to implement in hardware) against performance and efficiency. Maximising decode time or allowing only complex instructions are not goals.
Which of the following will terminate the loop immediately in C?
AWhen a break statement is encountered
BWhen the loop variable reaches a certain value
CWhen a continue statement is encountered
DWhen the loop condition is not given
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Correct answer: (A) When a break statement is encountered
Explanation
break exits the enclosing loop immediately, regardless of the condition. continue only skips the rest of the current iteration and goes on with the next one.
What will be the output of the following C program?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[5];
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
a[i] = i * i - 2 * i + 1;
}
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
printf("%d ", a[i]);
}
return 0;
}
A1 0 2 4 9
B1 0 1 4 9
C1 1 2 4 9
D1 2 3 4 9
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Correct answer: (B) 1 0 1 4 9
Explanation
i*i - 2*i + 1 = (i - 1)², so for i = 0 to 4 the values are 1, 0, 1, 4, 9.
Which of the following options is the particular solution of the differential equation y'' − 6y' + 9y = 2e^(3t)?
Ae^(3t) / 2
Bt²e^(3t)
Ce^(3t)
De^(3t) / 9
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Correct answer: (B) t²e^(3t)
Explanation
The auxiliary equation (m - 3)² = 0 has 3 as a double root, so try At²e^(3t). Substituting gives 2A = 2, so A = 1 and the particular solution is t²e^(3t).
Eighty eight residents of a city, who were interviewed in a city are classified as male or female
and also as drinkers or non-drinkers of tea. For testing association between sex and drinking
of tea, the test statistic follows:
At distribution with 1 degree of freedom
BChi Square distribution with 2 degrees of freedom
CNormal distribution
DChi square distribution with 1 degree of freedom
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Correct answer: (D) Chi square distribution with 1 degree of freedom
Explanation
A 2 x 2 contingency table (male/female vs drinker/non-drinker) is tested with chi-square, with (2 - 1)(2 - 1) = 1 degree of freedom.
Which of the following statement is correct for a business organisation?
AResponsibility leads to decentralisation
BAuthority leads to decentralisation
CDelegation leads to decentralisation
DCentralisation leads to autonomy
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Correct answer: (C) Delegation leads to decentralisation
Explanation
Decentralisation is the systematic delegation of authority to all levels of management, so delegation leads to decentralisation. Centralisation keeps authority at the top and reduces autonomy.
Select an appropriate ROM type from the options, where data can be erased or destroyed
using ultraviolet light.
AEEPROM
BFlash ROM
CEPROM
DPROM
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Correct answer: (C) EPROM
Explanation
EPROM (Erasable PROM) is erased by exposing its quartz window to ultraviolet light. EEPROM and flash are erased electrically, and PROM cannot be erased.
What does the term 'bootstrapping' refer to in the context of starting a business?
ARaising funds through venture capitalists
BSelf-funding the business using personal resources
CObtaining bank loans for initial capital
DCrowdfunding through online platforms
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Correct answer: (B) Self-funding the business using personal resources
Explanation
Bootstrapping means starting and growing a business with the founder's own savings and revenue, without external capital such as venture capital or loans.
_________ is a methodical approach. It suggests a logical and well-organised sequence of actions. It follows more steps.
ATeaching strategy
BTeaching method
CTeaching technique
DTeaching approach
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Correct answer: (D) Teaching approach
Explanation
As keyed, a teaching approach is the broad, methodical plan that sets out a logical, well-organised sequence of actions for teaching. Methods, techniques and strategies are narrower ways of carrying it out.
Aesthetic education (art, music, literature, nature) develops sensitivity and sensory responsiveness to beauty, feelings and expression, rather than recall or logical reasoning.
Gender inequality refers to which of the following?
ASocial and economic disparities between genders
BBiological differences only
CDifferences in hairstyles
DUniform distribution of resources
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Correct answer: (A) Social and economic disparities between genders
Explanation
Gender inequality means unequal treatment and social, economic and political disparities between genders in opportunities, resources and rights, not just biological differences.
What is the core principle of the multilingual approach in early education?
APrioritising grammar over communication
BReplacing mother tongue with the target language quickly
CWelcoming the child’s language and using it to build understanding
DTeaching only in the national language
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Correct answer: (C) Welcoming the child’s language and using it to build understanding
Explanation
The multilingual approach treats the child's home language as a resource: teachers welcome it and use it as a bridge to new concepts and to other languages, as NEP 2020 and NCF advise.
In school, a 'subject' differs from a 'discipline' because it ____________.
Ais an external field of research
Bis more intensively organised
Cis a philosophical field
Dis the branch of a discipline taught in the classroom
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Correct answer: (D) is the branch of a discipline taught in the classroom
Explanation
A school subject is a part of an academic discipline selected and organised for classroom teaching. A discipline is a wider field of knowledge and research.
Which of the following is NOT one of the five steps of Herbartian lesson planning?
AAssociation
BPresentation
CApplication
DEvaluation
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Correct answer: (D) Evaluation
Explanation
Herbart's five formal steps are preparation, presentation, association (comparison), generalisation and application. Evaluation (recapitulation) was added later, not part of the original five.
Which law legally mandates the inclusion of children with disabilities into mainstream schools
in India?
ARPwD Act, 2016
BNational Curriculum Framework, 2005
CRTI Act, 2009
DNEP, 2020
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Correct answer: (A) RPwD Act, 2016
Explanation
The Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 makes inclusive education a legal duty, requiring schools to admit children with disabilities and provide reasonable accommodation. NCF and NEP are policy documents, not laws.
Diagnostic assessment mainly helps in which of the following?
AGrading performance
BStandardising content
CPromoting learners
DIdentifying misconceptions
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Correct answer: (D) Identifying misconceptions
Explanation
Diagnostic assessment identifies learners' learning gaps, difficulties and misconceptions, so that remedial teaching can be planned. Grading is the job of summative assessment.
You are designing a curriculum for vocational education. To ensure learners can transfer skills
to actual work settings, which principle should you emphasise most?
APrinciple of activity and practicality
BPrinciple of articulation
CPrinciple of recency
DPrinciple of economy
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Correct answer: (A) Principle of activity and practicality
Explanation
Vocational skills transfer to real workplaces when learners practise them through hands-on, practical activities, so the principle of activity and practicality matters most.