All 100 questions of DSSSB TGT Computer Science PYQ (Technical), 12 Sep 2025, Shift 2 (1:00 PM) with the correct answer from the official answer key and a solution. Read them free on UTpaper, or attempt the paper as a timed online test.
Which synchronisation tool helps implement bounded waiting?
AInterrupts
BPaging
CContext switching
DSemaphores
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (D) Semaphores
Explanation
Semaphores (with a fair, e.g. FIFO, waiting queue) let processes wait in order to enter the critical section, so no process waits indefinitely. Interrupts, paging and context switching are not synchronisation tools.
Which is NOT a valid way to include a comment in SQL-99?
AMultiline Comments or Block Comments: Multiline comments start with /* and end with
*/
BSingle-line comments start with -- double hyphens
CInline Comments: Inline comments start with -- after the SQL statement on the same
line
D// This is used for giving a comment
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (D) // This is used for giving a comment
Explanation
Standard SQL supports -- for single-line (and end-of-line) comments and /* ... */ for block comments. // is a comment in C++/Java/JavaScript, not in SQL-99.
Standard SQL requires the keyword INTO in an INSERT statement: INSERT INTO table VALUES (...). Omitting INTO is only accepted by some vendors such as MySQL or SQL Server, so D is invalid in standard SQL.
If CloseHandle is NOT called after opening a file with CreateFile, which of the following
issues might occur?
AThe file will be corrupted.
BResources associated with the file may not be released.
CThe file may not be accessible.
DThe file will become read-only.
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (B) Resources associated with the file may not be released.
Explanation
CloseHandle releases the kernel object and the resources tied to the handle. If it is never called, those handles and resources stay allocated (a handle/resource leak) until the process ends.
What ensures the integrity of a digital signature?
AThe encryption algorithm used
BHash value of the original message
CThe Certificate Authority’s approval
DThe private key of the receiver
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (B) Hash value of the original message
Explanation
The sender signs a hash (message digest) of the message. The receiver recomputes the hash and compares it; any change to the message gives a different hash, so the hash value guarantees integrity.
Which of the following statements regarding the Best Fit memory allocation strategy is
true?
ABest Fit may cause excessive fragmentation by creating many small unusable holes.
BBest Fit always allocates memory faster since it searches the larger free partition.
CBest Fit prefers allocating memory at the start of the memory block list.
DBest Fit merges adjacent free partitions soon after allocation.
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (A) Best Fit may cause excessive fragmentation by creating many small unusable holes.
Explanation
Best Fit chooses the smallest hole that fits, so the leftover pieces are tiny and often too small to use, causing external fragmentation. It also searches the entire list, so it is not faster.
Which of the following statements about WITH CHECK OPTION in SQL views is true?
AIt ensures that inserted/updated rows satisfy the view’s WHERE clause.
BIt prevents any alter through the view.
CIt allows only ALTER operations on the view.
DIt makes the view read-only.
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (A) It ensures that inserted/updated rows satisfy the view’s WHERE clause.
Explanation
WITH CHECK OPTION rejects any INSERT or UPDATE through the view that would produce a row not satisfying the view's WHERE condition (a row that would vanish from the view).
Which of the following is true about FCFS disk scheduling?
AIt provides the best throughput compared to other algorithms.
BIt ensures the shortest seek time first.
CIt causes minimal delay for all processes.
DIt serves requests in the order they are received.
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (D) It serves requests in the order they are received.
Explanation
FCFS (first come, first served) serves disk requests strictly in arrival order. It is fair and simple, but it does not minimise seek time or give the best throughput.
What is a transport layer address typically called?
ASubnet Mask
BPort Numbe
CMAC Address
DIP Address
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (B) Port Numbe
Explanation
The transport layer identifies a process on a host by a port number (16 bits in TCP/UDP). MAC addresses belong to the data link layer and IP addresses to the network layer.
Which of the following is NOT a phase of TCP congestion control?
ASlow start
BData fragmentation
CFast retransmit
DCongestion avoidance
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (B) Data fragmentation
Explanation
TCP congestion control uses slow start, congestion avoidance, fast retransmit and fast recovery. Fragmentation of data is done at the IP (network) layer, not a congestion control phase.
Which of the following correctly describes a TCP connection termination?
AIt is immediate and requires no acknowledgment.
BIt does not involve the FIN flag.
CIt uses a two-way handshake.
DIt ensures both the sender and receiver agree to close the connection.
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (D) It ensures both the sender and receiver agree to close the connection.
Explanation
TCP connection termination is graceful: each side sends a FIN and the other acknowledges it (a four-way exchange), so both ends agree to close. It is not immediate and does use the FIN flag.
SELECT MAX(result) FROM student WHERE result < (SELECT MAX(result) FROM
student);
ASELECT result FROM student WHERE ROWNUM = 2 ORDER BY result DESC;
BSELECT TOP 2 result FROM student ORDER BY result DESC;
CSELECT result FROM student ORDER BY result DESC LIMIT 1 OFFSET 1;
DSELECT MAX(result) FROM student WHERE result < (SELECT MAX(result) FROM
student);
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (D) SELECT MAX(result) FROM student WHERE result < (SELECT MAX(result) FROM
student);
Explanation
Note: the question statement is missing in the source paper; only the SQL query shown above and the options were printed. The official answer key marks option 4 (the same query as the one shown).
While creating a new table ProductOrder_2026, which SQL statement correctly inserts
all the records from the ProductOrder_2026 table into ProductOrder?
ACREATE TABLE ProductOrder_2026 AS CREATE * FROM ProductOrder;
BCREATE TABLE ProductOrder_2026 AS SELECT * FROM ProductOrder;
CCREATE TABLE ProductOrder_2026 AS UPDATE * FROM ProductOrder;
DCREATE TABLE ProductOrder_2026 AS INSERT * FROM ProductOrder ;
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (B) CREATE TABLE ProductOrder_2026 AS SELECT * FROM ProductOrder;
Explanation
CREATE TABLE new_table AS SELECT * FROM old_table creates the new table and copies all rows of the old one into it. CREATE, UPDATE or INSERT cannot follow AS here.
Which of the following conditions must be satisfied to solve the critical section
problem?
ASemaphore, mutex, and locks
BMutual exclusion, progress, and bounded waiting
CPriority inversion, deadlock, and throughput
DStarvation, fairness, and scheduling
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (B) Mutual exclusion, progress, and bounded waiting
Explanation
A correct solution to the critical-section problem must satisfy mutual exclusion, progress and bounded waiting. Semaphores, mutexes and locks are tools for achieving this, not the conditions.
What will be the output of the following code?
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int x = 5;
switch(x) {
case 5:
printf("Five");
default:
printf("Default");
}
return 0;
}
ADefault
BCompilation error
CFive
DFiveDefault
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (D) FiveDefault
Explanation
case 5 matches and prints "Five". There is no break, so control falls through to default and also prints "Default", giving FiveDefault.
Correct answer: (B) The variable contains garbage (indeterminate) value.
Explanation
A local (automatic) variable that is not initialised holds an indeterminate (garbage) value. The program still compiles and runs, but results are unpredictable.
Consider the following Java code snippet:
class Animal {
String name;
int age;
Animal() {
this.name = "Unknown";
this.age = 0;
}
Animal(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
void displayInfo() {
System.out.println("Animal: " + name + ", Age: " + age);
}
}
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Animal a1 = new Animal();
Animal a2 = new Animal("Dog", 5);
a1.displayInfo();
a2.displayInfo();
// Error-prone code:
//1. Animal a3 = new Animal("Cat");
//2. a2.name = null; a2.displayInfo();
// 3. Animal a4 = null; a4.displayInfo();
}
}
Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the above code?
1. The Animal class supports both default and parameterized constructors.
2. If line 1 in the comment is uncommented, the code will compile and run successfully.
3. If line 2 is executed, a2.displayInfo() will print "Animal: null, Age: 5".
4. If line 3 is executed, the program will throw a NullPointerException at runtime.
A1 and 4 only
B2 only
C1,2 and 4 only
D1,3 and 4 only
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (D) 1,3 and 4 only
Explanation
1 is true (no-arg and two-arg constructors). 2 is false: there is no Animal(String) constructor, so it would not compile. 3 is true: concatenating null prints "null". 4 is true: calling a method on a null reference throws NullPointerException.
What is the output of the following code?
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
printf("%d", printf("C Programming"));
return 0;
}
A13
BC Programming
CC Programming12
DC Programming13
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (D) C Programming13
Explanation
The inner printf runs first, prints "C Programming" and returns the number of characters printed, 13. The outer printf then prints 13, giving "C Programming13".
Which of the following demonstrates the implementation of inheritance in Java?
Aclass B inherits A {}
Bclass A contains B {}
Cclass A implements B {}
Dclass A extends B {}
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (D) class A extends B {}
Explanation
Java uses the keyword extends for class inheritance, e.g. class A extends B. implements is used when a class implements an interface; inherits and contains are not Java keywords.
Consider the following code snippet. What will it print?
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
char str[][10] = {"one", "two", "three"};
printf("%c\n", str[2][4]);
return 0;
}
Ar
Be
Cthree
Dh
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (B) e
Explanation
str[2] is "three" and indexing from 0 gives t(0), h(1), r(2), e(3), e(4), so str[2][4] is 'e'.
Given the following code, what will be the result?
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Object obj = new String("Hello");
String str = (String) obj;
System.out.println(str);
}
}
AThrows ClassCastException.
BRuntime error.
CHello will be printed.
DCompilation error.
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (C) Hello will be printed.
Explanation
obj actually refers to a String object, so the downcast (String) obj succeeds at run time and "Hello" is printed. ClassCastException occurs only when the object is not of the target type.
What will be the output of the following code?
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int arr[5] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};
int (*p)[5] = &arr;
printf("%d\n", *(*p + 3));
return 0;
}
A40
B30
C20
DCompilation Error
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (A) 40
Explanation
p points to the whole array, so *p is arr (the address of its first element). *p + 3 points to arr[3], and dereferencing gives 40.
What will be printed by the following code?
#include<stdio.h>
int main() {
int marks = 75;
char grade = (marks >= 90) ? 'A' : (marks >= 70) ? 'B' : 'C';
printf("%c", grade);
return 0;
}
AB
BCompile time error
CA
DC
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (A) B
Explanation
75 >= 90 is false, so the second condition is checked: 75 >= 70 is true, so grade is 'B'.
Which among the following is an example of compile-time polymorphism in Java?
AMethod overriding
BInterfaces
CAbstract classes
DMethod overloading
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (D) Method overloading
Explanation
Method overloading (same name, different parameter lists) is resolved by the compiler, so it is compile-time (static) polymorphism. Method overriding is resolved at run time.
What will be the output of the following code (assume size of int as 4 bytes in the
system)?
#include<stdio.h>
int main() {
int arr[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
printf("%lu", sizeof(arr));
return 0;
}
A20
B5
Ccompile time error
D4
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (A) 20
Explanation
sizeof on an array gives its total size in bytes: 5 elements x 4 bytes = 20.
In the context of array types, what is the key difference between int *arr[5] and int (*arr)
[5]?
ABoth are syntactically incorrect
BFirst is a pointer to an array, second is an array of pointers
CThey are identical in their functionality
DFirst is an array of pointers to integers, second is a pointer to an array of integers
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (D) First is an array of pointers to integers, second is a pointer to an array of integers
Explanation
[] binds tighter than *, so int *arr[5] is an array of 5 pointers to int. The parentheses in int (*arr)[5] make arr a single pointer to an array of 5 ints.
What will be the output of the following code?
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int a = 2, b = 3;
switch (a) {
case 1:
printf("Case 1");
break;
case 2:
switch (b) {
case 3:
printf("Case 3");
break;
default:
printf("Inner Default");
}
default:
printf("Outer Default");
}
return 0;
}
ACase 3Inner Default
BCase 3
CInner DefaultOuter Default
DCase 3Outer Default
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (D) Case 3Outer Default
Explanation
a = 2 selects case 2; the inner switch matches case 3, prints "Case 3", and its break exits only the inner switch. With no break after it, control falls into the outer default and prints "Outer Default".
Which type of applications are commonly developed using Object-Oriented
Programming?
AOperating system kernals
BMachine-level programs
CMobile applications
DAssembly-level programs
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (C) Mobile applications
Explanation
Mobile apps (Android in Java/Kotlin, iOS in Swift) and other large application software are commonly built with OOP. OS kernels and machine- or assembly-level programs are usually written in procedural C or assembly.
Which of the following is true about passing arguments by reference in PHP functions?
AArguments passed by reference cannot be modified within the function.
BThe original value of the argument is changed when passed by reference.
CPHP does not support passing arguments by reference.
DArguments passed by reference must be of type array.
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (B) The original value of the argument is changed when passed by reference.
Explanation
In PHP, a parameter declared with & (function f(&$x)) is a reference to the caller's variable, so changing it inside the function changes the original value. Any type can be passed by reference.
Which of the following is NOT a property of any algorithms?
ASome of the algorithms may not produce even single quantity as an output.
BEvery algorithm must produce at least one quantity as an output.
CEach instruction of the algorithm must be clear and unambiguous.
DFor all cases, the algorithm must terminate after finite number of instructions.
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (A) Some of the algorithms may not produce even single quantity as an output.
Explanation
Every algorithm must produce at least one output, have clear and unambiguous steps and terminate after finitely many steps. So "may not produce any output" is not a property of an algorithm.
Given the array a = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60] with 6 elements,
What will the array look like after inserting the value 45 at index 4?
A[10, 20, 30, 40, 45, 50, 60]
B[10, 20, 25, 30, 40, 45, 50]
C[10, 20, 25, 30, 40, 45, 60]
D[10, 25, 20, 30, 40, 45, 50]
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (A) [10, 20, 30, 40, 45, 50, 60]
Explanation
Inserting 45 at index 4 shifts 50 and 60 one place right, giving [10, 20, 30, 40, 45, 50, 60]. The other options contain 25, which was never in the array.
BTo store data in a format that is readable by humans only
CTo enhance the visual appearance of a webpage
DTo represent and exchange data between different systems and platforms
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (D) To represent and exchange data between different systems and platforms
Explanation
XML is a platform-independent, self-describing text format used to store, represent and exchange structured data between different systems and applications. Presentation is the job of HTML/CSS.
What does the 'clone stamp' tool do in image editing?
ADuplicates part of the image to another area
BRemoves background
CResizes the image
DChanges the image color
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (A) Duplicates part of the image to another area
Explanation
The clone stamp copies (samples) pixels from one area of an image and paints them onto another area, often used to remove blemishes or duplicate objects.
Which of the following is an application of the World Wide Web?
ACreating software programs
BSending emails directly to a mobile phone
CBrowsing websites and accessing online services
DStoring files on a computer
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (C) Browsing websites and accessing online services
Explanation
The World Wide Web is a system of linked web pages accessed through browsers, used for browsing websites and online services such as shopping, banking and searching.
Suppose there are 15 elements in the array that apply bubble sort technique to sort the
elements of the array. What is the maximum number of comparisons, in worst case,
required to sort the elements of array in ascending order?
A120
B210
C105
D225
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (C) 105
Explanation
Bubble sort makes (n-1) + (n-2) + ... + 1 = n(n-1)/2 comparisons in the worst case. For n = 15 that is 15 x 14 / 2 = 105.
Which of the following is the correct way to declare a variable in Java?
Alet x = 10;
Bx = 10;
Cvar x = 10;
Dint x = 10;
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (D) int x = 10;
Explanation
Java is statically typed, so a variable is declared with its type: int x = 10;. let is JavaScript, and var x = 10 works only as local type inference from Java 10, so the standard answer is int.
Consider a singly linked list containing n elements in which A is the address of the
starting node of the linked list. If we first convert the linked list to an array, then sort the
array elements, and then create a new linked list from the elements of the sorted array,
what is the number of operations required to traverse the linked list and store its data
values in an additional array before applying sorting?
AO(n log n)
BO(log n)
CO(n)
DO(n²)
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (C) O(n)
Explanation
Copying the data needs a single pass through the list, visiting each of the n nodes once, so it takes O(n) operations. The later sorting step is what needs O(n log n).
fclose(fp) closes a file opened with fopen and flushes its buffers. close() is the low-level POSIX call on file descriptors, not the standard C file function.
Which method is used to loop through all the enumerable properties of an object in
JavaScript?
AObject.values()
BforEach()
Cfor...in
DObject.keys()
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (C) for...in
Explanation
The for...in loop iterates over all enumerable property names (keys) of an object. Object.keys() and Object.values() only return arrays, and forEach is an array method.
Suppose there are n elements in an array. If we want to delete the beginning element of an array, then how many shift operations are required to fill the gap left by the deleted element?
An*(n − 1)/2
Bn − 1
C1
Dn²
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (B) n − 1
Explanation
After deleting a[0], each of the remaining n - 1 elements must move one position left, so n - 1 shift operations are needed.
Consider the given memory representation of singly linked list where start points to the address of the starting node of the linked list, which is in memory location 0.
Memory representation of the linked list
Memory location | Item value | Pointer to next element
0 | A | 4
1 | E | 3
2 | B | NULL
3 | X | 2
4 | C | 1
If you traverse all the elements from the given linked list, then which of the following is correct order?
AA, B, C, E, X
BA, E, B, X, C
CA, C, X, E, B
DA, C, E, X, B
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (D) A, C, E, X, B
Explanation
Start at location 0 (A, next 4), then 4 (C, next 1), 1 (E, next 3), 3 (X, next 2), 2 (B, next NULL). So the order is A, C, E, X, B.
Which of the following are key components of an XML document?
ATags, attributes, and comments
BHTML tags and hyperlinks
CClasses, objects, and functions
DScripts, styles, and images
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (A) Tags, attributes, and comments
Explanation
An XML document is made of elements (tags), attributes, text content, comments and a prolog/declaration. HTML tags, classes or scripts are not its components.
What will be the output of the following C program code if the file "test.txt" is empty,
readable, and exists in the appropriate directory?
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
FILE *fp = fopen("test.txt", "r");
if (fp == NULL) {
printf("Error\n");
} else {
printf("Success\n");
fclose(fp);
}
return 0;
}
ASuccess
BNULL
CGarbage value
DError
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (A) Success
Explanation
fopen in "r" mode succeeds for an existing readable file even if it is empty, so fp is not NULL and "Success" is printed. Emptiness only matters when reading data.
What will be the output of the following C code?
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int i;
for (i = 1; i <= 10; i++)
{
if (++i % 2 == 0)
printf("%d ", i);
}
return 0;
}
A1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
B2 4 6 8 10
C1 3 5 7 9
D2 4 6 8
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (B) 2 4 6 8 10
Explanation
++i inside the if makes i even each time it is tested: i goes 1 to 2 (printed), then the loop's i++ makes 3, ++i makes 4 (printed), and so on up to 10. Then i becomes 11 and the loop stops, so 2 4 6 8 10 is printed.
Which sorting algorithm performs the worst when the input array is nearly sorted?
ABubble Sort
BInsertion Sort
CHybrid Sort
DMax Sort
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (B) Insertion Sort
Explanation
Note: the answer key gives (B), but insertion sort is actually the best choice for a nearly sorted array: each element moves only a few places, so it runs in close to O(n) time. The question seems to have intended "best" rather than "worst".
What is the output of the given C programming code?
#include <stdio.h>
void modify(int arr[], int n)
{
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
arr[i] = arr[i] * 2;
}
int main()
{
int data[] = {1, 2, 3, 4};
modify(data, 4);
printf("%d", data[2]);
return 0;
}
A8
B4
C6
D2
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (C) 6
Explanation
Arrays are passed as a pointer to their first element, so modify() doubles the original elements: data becomes {2, 4, 6, 8}, and data[2] = 6.
R2 - 2R1 gives [0, -2, 2, 6] and R3 - 4R1 gives [0, -3, 3, 9], which is 1.5 times the new R2, so one row becomes zero. The rank is 2, so the normal form is [I2 0; 0 0].
Which of the following statements is correct about function prototypes in C?
AFunction prototype provides the code of the function, which will be executed when
called.
BFunction prototype provides the complete implementation of a function, including the
return type, name, parameters, and statements that make up the function’s body.
CFunction prototypes tell the compiler the number and type of arguments that are to be
passed to the function and the type of value that is to be returned by the function.
DFunction prototypes are typically placed at the end of the code after the main function.
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (C) Function prototypes tell the compiler the number and type of arguments that are to be
passed to the function and the type of value that is to be returned by the function.
Explanation
A prototype declares the function's return type, name and the number and types of its parameters (ending with a semicolon), so the compiler can check calls. It has no body and is usually placed before main.
In C programming, which of the following is correct about why all pointers should be
set to NULL if they are not pointing to anything?
AWhen a pointer is initialized to NULL, it does not help in avoiding dangling pointers
(pointers that reference invalid or deallocated memory).
BSetting pointers to NULL is merely a norm and has no effect on program execution.
CIf a pointer is not pointing to anything, the program won’t execute at all, giving a syntax
error message.
DWhen a pointer is initialized to NULL, it signifies that the pointer does not currently
reference any valid memory location.
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (D) When a pointer is initialized to NULL, it signifies that the pointer does not currently
reference any valid memory location.
Explanation
A NULL pointer explicitly marks that the pointer refers to no valid memory, so the code can test if (p == NULL) before use, avoiding accidental use of garbage or dangling addresses.
The conjugate replaces every i by -i in each element: i becomes -i, 1+i becomes 1-i, 3-2i becomes 3+2i, 2-i becomes 2+i, -3i becomes 3i, 1-i becomes 1+i and 2i becomes -2i. Real entries 4 and 5 stay the same.
In case of a Real Account, the general rule of accounting is:
ADebit what comes in and credit what goes out
BDebit the giver and credit the receiver
CDebit the receiver and credit the giver
DDebit expenses or losses, credit incomes or gains
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (A) Debit what comes in and credit what goes out
Explanation
Real accounts (assets) follow the rule: debit what comes in and credit what goes out. "Debit the receiver, credit the giver" is for personal accounts, and expenses/incomes is the rule for nominal accounts.
Which of the following options is a Hermitian matrix?
AA =
[ 1 2+3i ]
[ 2−3i 5 ]
BA =
[ 1 2+3i ]
[ −2+3i −1 ]
CA =
[ 1 2+3i ]
[ −2−3i 5 ]
DA =
[ 1 2+3i ]
[ 2+3i 1 ]
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (A) A =
[ 1 2+3i ]
[ 2−3i 5 ]
Explanation
A Hermitian matrix equals its conjugate transpose: diagonal entries are real and a_ji is the conjugate of a_ij. In A the diagonal is 1 and 5 and the off-diagonal entries 2+3i and 2-3i are conjugates.
A trader purchased goods worth ₹2,50,000 and paid ₹15,000 as carriage on those
goods. He sold the goods for ₹3,75,000 and paid ₹10,000 towards carriage on them. He
also incurred ₹10,000 towards other general expenditure. What shall be the gross profit
of the trader?
A₹1,10,000
B₹1,00,000
C₹1,25,000
D₹90,000
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (A) ₹1,10,000
Explanation
Gross profit = sales - (purchases + direct expenses) = 3,75,000 - (2,50,000 + 15,000) = 1,10,000. Carriage on sales and general expenses are indirect expenses charged to the P&L account, not the trading account.
In designing a microprogrammed control unit, what is stored in the control memory?
AAddressing modes for memory access
BMicroinstructions that define control signals
CMachine-level instructions
DData values used by the CPU
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (B) Microinstructions that define control signals
Explanation
In a microprogrammed control unit, the control memory (usually ROM) holds the microprograms, i.e. sequences of microinstructions whose bits generate the control signals.
Which addressing mode uses the actual address of the data in the instruction?
AIndirect addressing
BImmediate addressing
CDirect addressing
DRegister addressing
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (C) Direct addressing
Explanation
In direct (absolute) addressing, the instruction's address field holds the actual memory address of the operand. Immediate addressing holds the data itself and indirect holds the address of the address.
Which of the following statements is/are true?
P: The size of a linked list can grow and shrink dynamically during runtime based on
the operations performed.
Q: Unlike arrays, linked lists allow for constant-time access to elements by index.
R: The dynamic nature of linked lists means that memory for nodes is allocated only
when necessary, leading to better space utilisation.
AP, Q, R
BOnly P and Q
COnly P and R
DOnly P
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: (C) Only P and R
Explanation
P is true (lists grow and shrink at run time) and R is true (nodes are allocated only when needed). Q is false: linked lists need O(n) traversal to reach an index; arrays give constant-time indexed access.
When exposed to a magnetic field, paramagnetic materials are __________.
Astrongly repelled
Bunaffected
Cweakly attracted
Dstrongly attracted
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Correct answer: (C) weakly attracted
Explanation
Paramagnetic materials (aluminium, platinum) have a small positive susceptibility, so they are weakly attracted towards a magnetic field. Diamagnetic ones are weakly repelled and ferromagnetic ones strongly attracted.
_________ materials are strongly attracted to regions of high magnetic field intensity
due to _________.
AFerromagnetic ; domains formed by an applied field
BParamagnetic ; domains where dipoles align spontaneously
CParamagnetic ; domains formed by an applied field
DFerromagnetic ; domains where dipoles align spontaneously
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Correct answer: (D) Ferromagnetic ; domains where dipoles align spontaneously
Explanation
In ferromagnetic materials (iron, cobalt, nickel) atomic dipoles align spontaneously in small regions called domains. An external field grows and aligns these domains, so the material is strongly attracted.
Which of the following operations is NOT performed by the ALU?
ABitwise operations
BMemory addressing
CArithmetic operations
DLogical comparisons
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Correct answer: (B) Memory addressing
Explanation
The ALU performs arithmetic, logical, bitwise and comparison operations. Memory addressing is handled by the control unit and address registers/MMU, not the ALU.
In assembly, how is a macro invoked after its definition?
ABy using the JMP instruction
BBy using the CALL instruction
CBy writing its name followed by MACRO
DBy simply writing its name with any required parameters
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Correct answer: (D) By simply writing its name with any required parameters
Explanation
After defining a macro, you invoke it by writing its name (with any arguments) as if it were an instruction; the assembler then expands the macro body in place. CALL is for procedures, not macros.
Which of the following is NOT a component of commerce?
AMining
BInsurance
CTransportation
DWarehousing
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Correct answer: (A) Mining
Explanation
Commerce covers trade and the aids to trade such as transport, warehousing, insurance, banking and advertising. Mining is an extractive industry, part of industry rather than commerce.
Which of the following is an example of System Software?
ADatabase Management System (DBMS)
BCompiler
CWeb Browser
DWord Processor
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Correct answer: (B) Compiler
Explanation
A compiler is system software (a language translator) that supports program development. DBMS, web browsers and word processors are application software.
Which document is mandatory for incorporation of a One Person Company (OPC)?
ATrust Deed
BArticle of Association
CCertificate of Commencement
DPartnership Deed
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Correct answer: (B) Article of Association
Explanation
An OPC is a company, so it is incorporated by filing a Memorandum and Articles of Association. Trust and partnership deeds are for other forms of organisation, and certificate of commencement is not needed for an OPC.
Which document defines the scope and objectives of a company and serves as its
constitution?
AArticles of Association
BCertificate of Incorporation
CProspectus
DMemorandum of Association
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Correct answer: (D) Memorandum of Association
Explanation
The Memorandum of Association is the company's charter (constitution): it defines its name, registered office, objects, liability and capital, i.e. the scope of its activities. The Articles deal with internal rules.
Suppose that a biased coin is tossed such that P(H) = 2/3 and P(T) = 1/3.
If head (H) appears, a number between is selected between 1 through 9. If tail (T)
appears, then a number is selected between 1 through 5. The probability that an even
number is selected is approximately equal to:
Which component is considered the 'brain' of the computer?
AHDD
BRAM
CROM
DCPU
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Correct answer: (D) CPU
Explanation
The CPU processes all instructions and controls the other components, so it is called the brain of the computer. RAM, ROM and HDD are memory and storage.
AIt is an input device used for scanning documents.
BIt is used to input audio data.
CIt is used to print high-quality graphics and designs.
DIt is faster than a laser printer plotter.
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Correct answer: (C) It is used to print high-quality graphics and designs.
Explanation
A plotter is an output device that draws large, precise graphics such as engineering drawings, maps and designs with pens or inkjet. It is slower than a laser printer.
Which of the following actions demonstrates good netiquette in an online forum?
ASharing personal information without permission
BUsing proper grammar and punctuation
CPosting irrelevant content repeatedly
DResponding to others' posts with insults
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Correct answer: (B) Using proper grammar and punctuation
Explanation
Netiquette means polite online behaviour: proper grammar and punctuation, respectful replies, relevant posts and privacy for others. Insults, spam and sharing others' personal data violate it.
Which of the following best describes an open-ended question in a questionnaire?
A“Do you think pollution affects health?” (Yes/No)
B“Circle the correct year of independence: a) 1945 b) 1946 c) 1947 d) 1948”
C“List any three reasons why students drop out of school.”
D“Is your school equipped with smart classrooms? Yes/No”
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Correct answer: (C) “List any three reasons why students drop out of school.”
Explanation
An open-ended question lets respondents answer freely in their own words, such as listing reasons. Yes/No and multiple-choice items are closed-ended questions.
How can curriculum content be gender-equitable for girls who are marginalised?
ABy only using native tongues when instructing
BBy only imparting advanced scientific knowledge
CBy pressuring girls to conform to gender norms
DBy providing literacy instruction that boosts self-esteem and changes people's lives
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Correct answer: (D) By providing literacy instruction that boosts self-esteem and changes people's lives
Explanation
A gender-equitable curriculum for marginalised girls gives literacy and life-skill education that builds self-esteem and empowers them to change their lives, rather than reinforcing gender norms.
The step ‘Generalization’ in the Herbartian model aims at which of the following?
ARepeating the entire lesson
BFormulating universal rules
CProviding entertainment to learners
DAssigning homework
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Correct answer: (B) Formulating universal rules
Explanation
In Herbart's generalisation step, learners draw general principles, rules or definitions from the examples studied earlier. Application then uses these rules in new situations.
According to Howard Gardner’s theory, which of the following intelligences is NOT a
component of multiple intelligences?
ABodily-kinesthetic
BLogical-mathematical
CMusical
DEmotional
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Correct answer: (D) Emotional
Explanation
Gardner's multiple intelligences include linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal and naturalist. Emotional intelligence was popularised by Goleman, not part of Gardner's list.
Which scheme was specifically revised in 1992 to promote education of children with
disabilities in mainstream schools?
ASarva Shiksha Abhiyan
BSamagra Shiksha Abhiyan
CNational Inclusive Education Scheme
DIntegrated Education for Disabled Children (IEDC)
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Correct answer: (D) Integrated Education for Disabled Children (IEDC)
Explanation
The Integrated Education for Disabled Children (IEDC) scheme, launched in 1974, was revised in 1992 to place children with disabilities in regular schools. SSA came in 2001 and Samagra Shiksha in 2018.
The process of acquiring knowledge through observation and experiences is called
_________.
Aempiricism
Btenacity
Cauthority
Drevelation
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Correct answer: (A) empiricism
Explanation
Empiricism holds that knowledge comes from sensory experience and observation (Locke, Hume). Tenacity, authority and revelation rely on habit, experts or divine sources.
Which of the following curriculum approaches focuses on real-life problem-solving and
interdisciplinary learning?
AActivity-based
BSubject-centered
CProblem-centered
DLearner-centered
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Correct answer: (C) Problem-centered
Explanation
The problem-centred curriculum is organised around real-life problems that learners solve by drawing on several subjects, so it is interdisciplinary. The subject-centred approach keeps subjects separate.
Listening is a receptive skill: it focuses on comprehending spoken (oral) input. Producing writing and constructing utterances are productive skills (writing and speaking).
What is the key method of learning in the behavioristic approach?
AObservation
BDiscussion
CReflection
DConditioning
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Correct answer: (D) Conditioning
Explanation
Behaviourists (Pavlov, Watson, Skinner) explain learning as conditioning, forming stimulus-response links through classical or operant conditioning with reinforcement. Observation is the basis of social learning theory.