DSSSB TGT Computer Science PYQ, 25 Jun 2023, Shift 2 (12:30 PM)

Explanation

Check each term against its neighbours: 9 (after 9, before 7), 9 (after 3, before 6), 2 (after 2, before 4) and 4 (after 2, before 5) are divisible by the preceding number but not by the following one. That gives four numbers.

Explanation

Shirts and pens only partly overlap, and only some pens are cups. Nothing rules out cups being shirts or curtains, or curtains being pens (some shirts, which are curtains, are pens). So no conclusion follows.

Explanation

After swapping + and −: 56 + 74 × 17 − 391 ÷ 23 = 56 + 1258 − 17 = 1297, which balances.

Explanation

First letters go P, Q, R, S, T (+1). Second letters go M, O, Q, S, U (+2). Third letters go T, W, Z, C, F (+3). So the next term is TUF.

Explanation

B and I take the ends. C must be right of B, so B is 1st and I is 9th. E is 6th and A is 3rd (two-letter gaps between vowels). C is 2nd, D is 4th and F is 5th, so F is in the middle.

Explanation

Each step, the symbols shift one corner anticlockwise (top-right to top-left, bottom-right to top-right, top-left to bottom-left). The bottom-left symbol drops out and a new one enters at bottom-right. The third figure is therefore ! @ on top and % # below.

Explanation

With the mirror on the right, the left-right order reverses (ACTIVE reads as EVITCA) and each letter is flipped horizontally. Option (A) is the only one that flips every letter correctly without turning any upside down.

Explanation

If exercise is good for health, players who exercise as part of their profession will mostly be healthy, so I follows. Ravinder playing tennis at 70 is a specific fact that cannot be inferred from the statement.

Explanation

Argument I is vague: unaffiliated courses would not give valid degrees, so they offer no real opportunity. Argument II rests on an assumption about resources rather than the core issue of recognition. Neither argument is strong.

Explanation

In each pair the second number is 7 times the first: 59 × 7 = 413, 61 × 7 = 427, 47 × 7 = 329. But 37 × 7 = 259, not 269.

Explanation

78.69 + (29.19 × 13.17 ≈ 384.4) − (45.67 ÷ 22.89 ≈ 2) ≈ 461, and 454 is the closest option.

Explanation

Rule: reverse the first three letters and the last three letters, then apply +1, −1, +1 to each group, keeping the middle letter. COLLEGE gives COL → LOC → MND, L, EGE → FFF, i.e. MNDLFFF. The keyed option (A) follows this rule; its first letter appears to be a typo. The other options each break the rule.

Explanation

Kajal is 25 − 8 = 17th from the left, so from the right she is 50 − 17 + 1 = 34th.

Explanation

Both statements show the same rule: each letter is written as its alphabet position (F=6, A=1, H=8 ...; W=23, A=1, T=20 ...). Either statement alone gives HUMAN = 82113114.

Explanation

Rule: reverse the first three letters and the last three, apply +1, −1, +1 to each group, and keep the middle letter. COMMAND should give NND M EMB = NNDMEMB, but the pair shows NNDMENB. The other three pairs follow the rule.

Explanation

34 − 69 ÷ 23 + 37 × 23 = 34 − 3 + 851 = 882, so the equation balances.

Explanation

Rule: shift each letter +1, then swap the letters in each pair. ACTUAL → BDUVBM → DBVUMB, but the given code is DBUVMB. HOTELS → PIFUTM, MATTER → BNUUSF and ACTING → DBJUHO follow the rule.

Explanation

Figure X is a slanted line rising to a peak, a steep line down, and a tall vertical line from that bottom point. Figure 1 has exactly this: the left and right sides of the inner triangle plus the long vertical line beside it.

Explanation

In each pair, second = 3 × first + 2: 19 → 59, 17 → 53, 23 → 71. For 29, 3 × 29 + 2 = 89, not 91.

Explanation

The order of weight is T > P > R > Q > U > S, so T is the heaviest.

Explanation

As per Census 2011, the scheduled caste sex ratio is highest in Kerala (1057), followed closely by Puducherry (1056).

Explanation

Johannes Kepler gave the three laws of planetary motion: elliptical orbits, equal areas in equal times, and T² ∝ a³.

Explanation

In malaria, the Plasmodium parasite (spread by female Anopheles mosquitoes) multiplies inside human red blood cells after its liver stage. Covid-19, avian flu and dengue are caused by viruses.

Explanation

The Ajanta caves (2nd century BCE to 6th century CE) are Buddhist rock-cut chaityas and viharas, famous for their paintings of Jataka tales.

Explanation

Pala king Dharmapala (c. 770-810 CE) founded the Vikramashila and Somapura Mahavihara monasteries, which were centres of Vajrayana Buddhism.

Explanation

Article 275 provides statutory grants-in-aid from the Consolidated Fund of India to States that Parliament decides need help, including grants for Scheduled Tribe welfare.

Explanation

Bharatanatyam evolved from Sadir, the temple dance of the devadasis, and so was known as Dasi Attam.

Explanation

Agni-5 is a three-stage intercontinental-range ballistic missile powered by solid-fuel rocket motors.

Explanation

Ustad Zakir Hussain, son of Ustad Alla Rakha, was a world-renowned tabla maestro.

Explanation

Revenue receipts (tax and non-tax revenue) neither create a liability nor reduce assets. Capital receipts, such as borrowings or disinvestment, do one of the two.

Explanation

Madhya Pradesh notified its PESA Rules on 15 November 2022 (Janjatiya Gaurav Divas), implementing the PESA Act, 1996 in its scheduled areas.

Explanation

Science & Technology Australia's 2022 STEM Superstars of Indian origin were Dr Indrani Mukherjee, Neelima Kadiyala and Dr Ana Baburamani. Shruthi Bishnoi was not one of them.

Explanation

Tamil Nadu has the largest lignite (brown coal) reserves, mainly at Neyveli, where it is used for thermal power generation.

Explanation

According to the RBI Handbook of Statistics on the Indian Economy 2019-20, Maharashtra has the highest GSDP of any Indian state.

Explanation

The 2023 IBA Women's World Boxing Championships were held in New Delhi in March 2023 (at the KD Jadhav Indoor Hall).

Explanation

Bibi ka Maqbara is in Aurangabad, Maharashtra, built by Aurangzeb's son Azam Shah. Qutub Minar, Alai Minar and Balban's Tomb are all in Delhi.

Explanation

Dadabhai Naoroji, the 'Grand Old Man of India', was elected in 1892 as Liberal MP for Finsbury Central. He was the first Asian member of the British House of Commons.

Explanation

Alluvial soil has two types: Bangar is the older alluvium on higher ground, and Khadar is the newer, more fertile alluvium on floodplains.

Explanation

Manika Batra won bronze in women's singles at the ITTF-ATTU Asian Cup 2022 in Bangkok, the first Indian woman to win a medal at the event.

Explanation

The SRS Statistical Report 2019 recorded Madhya Pradesh with the highest infant mortality rate (46 per 1000 live births).

Explanation

Numerator: 7½ of 2/5 = 3, then 3 ÷ 3/8 = 8. Next, 3/8 × 5/4 ÷ (2/5 of 5/16 = 1/8) = 15/4. So 8 − 15/4 + 1/4 = 9/2. Denominator: 2/3 of 13/6 = 13/9, then ÷ 4/3 × 1/3 = 13/36, and 13/36 − 1/36 = 1/3. The value is (9/2) ÷ (1/3) = 27/2 = 13½.

Explanation

Let the train length be L. L/20 = (L + 200)/36, so L = 250 m and the speed is 12.5 m/s = 45 km/h. Time = 333 ÷ 45 = 7.4 hours.

Explanation

Capital ratio 1/2 : 5/6 = 3 : 5. Profit shares: Ravi 3×4 + 6×8 = 60, Gaurav 5×4 + 3×8 = 44. Gaurav's 44 parts = 1,32,000, so 1 part = 3000 and Ravi gets 60 × 3000 = ₹1,80,000.

Explanation

Net multiplier = 1.2 × 1.1 × 1.05 × 0.6 = 0.8316. Initial price = 415.80 ÷ 0.8316 = ₹500.

Explanation

23 ± 6√10 = (3√2 ± √5)², so x = (3√2 + √5) − (3√2 − √5) = 2√5 ≈ 4.47. This lies between 4 and 4.5.

Explanation

Curved surface area = 440 ÷ 80 × 100 = 550 m² = πrl. With l = 25, r = 7 and h = √(625 − 49) = 24. Volume = (1/3) × (22/7) × 49 × 24 = 1232 m³.

Explanation

CP = 374 ÷ 0.935 = ₹400. For a 9.5% gain, SP = 400 × 1.095 = ₹438.

Explanation

600 × 0.84 × 0.80 = 403.2, and 342.72 ÷ 403.2 = 0.85, so x = 15. A single discount of 30% gives 600 × 0.70 = ₹420.

Explanation

In 2019, A earned 40% profit and B earned 30%. With expenditures 2k and 3k, total income = 2.8k + 3.9k = 6.7k = 428.8, so k = 64. A's expenditure = 2k = ₹128 crore.

Explanation

Amount financed = 75,300 − 25,740 = 49,560, at 10% per half-year. I/1.1 + I/1.21 = 49,560 gives I = 28,556. Total paid = 57,112, so interest = 57,112 − 49,560 = ₹7,552.

Explanation

a = 3/11 × 3960 = 1080 and c = 4/9 × 3960 = 1760. So b = 3960 − 1080 − 1760 = 1120.

Explanation

Net rate = −(1/6) ÷ 4 = −1/24 per hour. So 1/40 + 1/x − 1/10 = −1/24, giving 1/x = 1/10 − 1/24 − 1/40 = 1/30. Hence x = 30.

Explanation

Side = 116/4 = 29. With half-diagonal 21, the other half-diagonal = √(29² − 21²) = 20, so the diagonals are 42 and 40. Area = 42 × 40 / 2 = 840 = 30k × 7k, so k = 2. The sides are 60 and 14, and the perimeter is 2(74) = 148 m.

Explanation

Take B = 100, so A = 68. Their average 84 = 0.8C, so C = 105. New incomes: A = 85, B = 90, total 175. C is (175 − 105)/175 = 40% less.

Explanation

Alcohol = 4 × 3/10 + 5 × 4/15 + 3 × 2/5 = 1.2 + 1.333 + 1.2 = 3.733 L in 12 L. That is about 31.1%, so 31%.

Explanation

A × B × C is constant: 12 × 9 × 5 = 540. So A = 540 ÷ (15 × 4) = 9.

Explanation

TSA: 2πr(r + 32) = 370π gives r(r + 32) = 185, so r = 5. Cylinder volume = 800π = (3/5)(4/3)πR³, so R³ = 1000 and R = 10. The diameter is 20 cm.

Explanation

Amount at 7.4% for 2.5 years = P + 0.185P = 1.185P. SI at 15% for 10 years = 1.5P. The difference 0.315P = 1701, so P = ₹5,400.

Explanation

LCM(30, 36, 40, 54) = 1080, so x = 1080k + 4. Since 1080 ≡ −1 (mod 23), x is divisible by 23 when k = 4. x = 4324 = 23 × 188, and its digit sum is 4 + 3 + 2 + 4 = 13.

Explanation

Let PQ = d and QR = 2d, so RP = 3d and the total distance is 6d. Time = d/50 + 2d/60 + 3d/45 = 0.12d. Average speed = 6d ÷ 0.12d = 50 km/h.

Explanation

Collins defines 'permacrisis' as an extended period of instability and insecurity. The point is that the crisis lasts long, not that it is widespread, so 'extended' fits best.

Explanation

A introduces the unhappy telephone booth. C describes the people who failed to open its door. B brings in the boy who sang, and D gives the result: the door opened. So the order is ACBD.

Explanation

To 'break even' means to end up with neither profit nor loss, when income just equals cost.

Explanation

'Fully aware' is the natural collocation, meaning completely conscious of the consequences.

Explanation

Coffee is poured from the flask into the cups, so 'into the flask' should be 'from the flask'.

Explanation

'Scorching' means extremely hot and is the usual word for summer heat. 'Flaming' means on fire, 'ardent' means passionate, and 'crackling' describes a sound.

Explanation

The correct spelling is 'University', with an s, not 'Univercity'.

Explanation

'Permeate' is spelt correctly. The others should be Pension, Persuasion and Permission.

Explanation

Chronology is the arrangement of events in the order of time. Phonology studies speech sounds, geology studies the earth, and morphology studies word forms or structure.

Explanation

A gives Louis Braille's birth. D says he lost his sight at age 3. C explains where the accident happened, and B says doctors could not save his eyes. So the order is ADCB.

Explanation

Liberation means setting free, so its opposite is subjugation (bringing under control). Emancipation, acquittal and freedom are synonyms of liberation.

Explanation

'Face the music' means to accept and confront the unpleasant consequences of one's actions.

Explanation

A dormitory is a large bedroom where many people sleep, as in a school or hostel. A hostel is the whole building, not one room.

Explanation

After 'her being', an adjective is needed: 'her being honest'. 'Honesty' is a noun.

Explanation

'Meet' is the verb (to come together) and 'meat' is the noun (flesh food). So: 'Let us meet at the meat shop.'

Explanation

The line story shows you can make yourself 'bigger' (better) instead of cutting others down. In other words, you can win without defeating or harming anyone.

Explanation

Here 'subtle' competition means competition that is not openly shown but implied or understated, as opposed to 'very obvious' competition.

Explanation

The passage lists quiet quitting (doing the bare minimum), mental health problems and even suicides as outcomes. Speaking up against unfairness is presented as part of the remedy (psychological safety), not a consequence.

Explanation

The writer wants equitable growth opportunities, fairness and freedom to speak up. He criticises pleasing bosses and doing favours, so he would not support bosses having personal preferences.

Explanation

The passage explains a workplace issue (unfair competition), its causes and effects, and possible remedies in an informative way. That makes it expository.

Explanation

'पूँजी' तद्भव शब्द है, जो तत्सम 'पुंज' (समूह/संचय) से बना है। वाक्य में 'मनुष्य की सर्वोत्तम पूँजी उसके अच्छे कर्म हैं' अर्थपूर्ण बनता है। 'पुंज' और 'पुच्छ' तत्सम रूप हैं।

Explanation

दूसरों के सुख के लिए अपने सुखों का त्याग करना 'आत्मोत्सर्ग' (आत्म + उत्सर्ग) कहलाता है। 'आत्मघात' का अर्थ आत्महत्या है और 'आत्मोत्कर्ष' का अर्थ अपनी उन्नति है।

Explanation

'उरबसी' शब्द दो बार आया है और दोनों बार अर्थ अलग है: पहले उर्वशी अप्सरा, फिर 'उर (हृदय) में बसी हुई'। एक ही शब्द की भिन्न अर्थों में आवृत्ति होने से यहाँ यमक अलंकार है।

Explanation

'सृजन' और 'रचना' दोनों का अर्थ बनाना है, यानी ये पर्यायवाची हैं, विलोम नहीं। सुगति-दुर्गति, सौम्य-उग्र और सृष्टि-प्रलय सही विलोम युग्म हैं।

Explanation

हिंदी वाक्य का सामान्य क्रम कर्ता, फिर कर्म/पूरक, फिर क्रिया होता है। 'बाल गोपाल के सिर पर घुँघराले कुंतल शोभा दे रहे हैं' में यह क्रम सही है और क्रिया अंत में है।

Explanation

सही मुहावरा 'मुँह में पानी भर आना' है, जिसका अर्थ है किसी स्वादिष्ट वस्तु को देखकर उसे पाने का लालच होना।

Explanation

'मनों' (मानो) शब्द से संभावना या कल्पना प्रकट होती है: घोड़े ऐसे उछल रहे हैं मानो सूर्य के रथ को चूमना चाहते हों। 'मनु, मानो, जनु' जैसे वाचक शब्द उत्प्रेक्षा अलंकार के लक्षण हैं।

Explanation

उत् + लंघन: व्यंजन संधि में 'त्' के बाद 'ल' आने पर 'त्' भी 'ल्' बन जाता है, इसलिए उत् + लंघन = उल्लंघन।

Explanation

'गिरहकट' का अर्थ है गिरह (गाँठ/जेब) को काटने वाला। यहाँ 'को' (कर्म कारक) का लोप हुआ है, इसलिए यह कर्म तत्पुरुष समास है।

Explanation

'इस समय तुम्हारे पड़ोसी तुम्हारी सहायता करने वाले एक मात्र व्यक्ति हैं' में कालवाचक शब्द आरंभ में है, उसके बाद कर्ता और पूरक हैं, और क्रिया 'हैं' अंत में है। यही शुद्ध वाक्य-क्रम है।

Explanation

वाक्य में कहा गया है कि पुरानी 'कथा' में श्रोता और किस्सागो का आमने-सामने होना ज़रूरी होता था। इसलिए यह उसकी 'अनिवार्य' (आवश्यक) विशेषता थी।

Explanation

सही लोकोक्ति 'अपनी नाक कटे तो कटे, दूसरों का सगुन तो बिगड़े' है। इसका अर्थ है अपनी हानि सहकर भी दूसरों का काम बिगाड़ना।

Explanation

'औरत' अरबी मूल का विदेशी शब्द है। स्त्री, नारी और महिला संस्कृत (तत्सम) शब्द हैं, इसलिए विदेशी शब्द 'औरतों' सही है।

Explanation

'यथाशीघ्र' का विग्रह है 'जितना शीघ्र हो सके'। पहला पद 'यथा' अव्यय है और वही प्रधान है, इसलिए यह अव्ययीभाव समास है।

Explanation

आँखों से संबंधित को 'चाक्षुष' कहते हैं, जो 'चक्षु' (आँख) से बना है। जैसे 'चाक्षुष प्रमाण' का अर्थ है आँखों देखा प्रमाण।

Explanation

गद्यांश के अनुसार कराची प्रस्ताव में जाति, पंथ और लिंग के भेद के बिना क़ानून के आगे सबकी समानता की बात थी। महिलाओं और पुरुषों के लिए भिन्न क़ानून की बात असत्य है।

Explanation

गद्यांश में लिखा है कि 1939 में सुभाषचंद्र बोस ने 'फॉरवर्ड ब्लॉक' की स्थापना की। 1934 में नरेंद्र देव और जयप्रकाश नारायण ने कांग्रेस समाजवादी पार्टी बनाई थी।

Explanation

गद्यांश के अनुसार मंदी से पूँजीवादी प्रणाली बदनाम हुई, यानी उसकी उपलब्धियाँ उजागर नहीं हुईं। सोवियत संघ की योजनाओं की सफलता लोगों के समाजवाद की ओर झुकने का कारण थी।

Explanation

प्रस्ताव में लाभहीन जोतों के लिए लगान माफ़ी का वादा था, समान लगान तय करने का नहीं। इसलिए यह कथन असत्य है।

Explanation

गद्यांश के अनुसार मंदी से जनता की आर्थिक स्थिति ख़राब हुई और बेरोज़गारी फैली। आर्थिक स्थिति का सुदृढ़ होना उसका प्रभाव नहीं था।

Explanation

Animation moves objects by applying geometric transformations frame by frame: translation, rotation and scaling, usually as matrix operations. Rasterisation and lighting models only affect how each frame is drawn.

Explanation

System design gives the most abstract view of the whole system. Architectural design breaks it into sub-systems and components, and detailed design specifies each module for implementation.

Explanation

Linear (sequential, waterfall) models assume requirements are fixed at the start and each phase is finished before the next. They cannot easily handle requirements that change during development, unlike evolutionary, incremental or agile models.

Explanation

(743)₈ = 111 100 011 in binary. The Gray code keeps the MSB and then XORs each pair of adjacent bits: 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, which gives 100010010.

Explanation

A compiler translates the whole high-level source program into object (target) code in one go. An interpreter executes line by line without producing object code, and an assembler translates only assembly language.

Explanation

In the subscription revenue model, customers pay a fixed recurring fee (monthly, quarterly or yearly) to access a service or content, as with Netflix or online magazines.

Explanation

RISC processors use a small set of simple, fixed-length instructions that need less complex decoding hardware, so they use less power. ARM chips in mobiles are an example. CISC needs more transistors and power.

Explanation

Retardation (wave) plates are made of birefringent crystals. Double refraction splits light into ordinary and extraordinary rays that travel at different speeds, and this produces the phase difference between them.

Explanation

Selection sort always scans the whole unsorted part to find the minimum, making about n(n−1)/2 comparisons whatever the input order. So both its best and worst cases are O(n²).

Explanation

Handover between two different kinds of network, such as a satellite network and a terrestrial cellular network, is called inter-system handover. Intra- and inter-satellite handovers happen within the satellite system.

Explanation

Piecewise constant (nearest-neighbour) interpolation simply gives each point the value of the nearest data point, so it is the simplest and least demanding interpolant. The key treats this as the softer method. In terms of smoothness, spline interpolation gives the smoothest curves.

Explanation

TCP (connection-oriented), UDP (connectionless) and SCTP (stream control) all work at the transport layer. FTP, DNS and Telnet are application-layer protocols, ICMP is network-layer, and ARP/RARP work between the network and link layers.

Explanation

The CO₂ laser emits at 10.6 µm from a transition between vibrational energy levels of the CO₂ molecule (asymmetric stretch to symmetric stretch mode).

Explanation

Functional activities directly produce the required features and are essential to complete the project's work tasks. Non-functional activities support quality aspects and are treated as not mandatory for completion.

Explanation

Sole proprietorship, owned and run by one person, is the most common business form because it is easy and cheap to set up and has few legal formalities.

Explanation

Only when a process moves from running to terminated (exit) does the OS reclaim all of its memory. In sleeping or ready states the process still exists and keeps its address space.

Explanation

DDL commands (CREATE, ALTER, DROP) define and change the structure (schema) of relations and remove them. DML only queries and modifies the data stored in them.

Explanation

Operations research applies mathematical methods such as linear programming, queuing theory and simulation to decision-making problems, so it is a branch of applied mathematics.

Explanation

An XML processor (parser) reads XML documents and gives applications access to their content and structure, for example through DOM or SAX. An XML schema only defines the valid structure.

Explanation

In Nonaka's SECI model, socialisation (sharing experiences such as observation, imitation and practice) creates tacit knowledge, which is personal know-how that is hard to write down.

Explanation

In a linear list, elements are arranged in a sequence where each has one successor. An array is the classic linear list. Trees and graphs are non-linear structures.

Explanation

Value is a qualitative measure (perceived worth or benefit) that depends on judgement, so it is hard to quantify precisely, unlike measurable items such as infrastructure.

Explanation

BTS means Base Transceiver Station: the cell-site equipment with radio transmitters and receivers that connects mobile phones to the cellular network.

Explanation

A final method cannot be overridden in a subclass, so (A) is false. The varargs main with modifiers in any order is valid, abstract classes cannot be instantiated, and Java 8 interfaces allow default methods.

Explanation

The ground state is the lowest, stable energy level. An atom stays there indefinitely unless it absorbs energy, so its lifetime is taken as infinite. Excited states last only about 10⁻⁸ s.

Explanation

Ext4 (fourth extended file system) has been the default file system in most Linux distributions since about 2008. It replaced Ext3 and supports larger files and volumes and journaling.

Explanation

Two 4-bit inputs give 2⁸ = 256 combinations. Only 10 × 10 = 100 are valid BCD digit pairs (0-9 each), so 256 − 100 = 156 combinations are invalid.

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The TCP/IP internet layer (IP) handles packets, also called datagrams. The transport layer uses segments, and the network access (link) layer uses frames.

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document.write sends text into HTML, where a newline character is displayed as a single space. The page therefore shows 'Hello India' on one line.

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A Visual Display Unit (monitor) shows output from the computer. Mouse, light pen and keyboard are input devices.

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In a relational database, data is stored in tables (relations) of rows and columns, and the tables are linked through keys. Fields and records are just parts of a table.

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The operating system is the program that acts as an interface between the user and the hardware, managing resources such as the CPU, memory and devices. The kernel is only its core part.

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In the opinion survey (collective opinion / sales-force composite) method of demand forecasting, salespeople estimate sales in their areas and these estimates are combined into a forecast.

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Armstrong's axioms are only reflexivity, augmentation and transitivity. Pseudo-transitivity is a derived rule (inferred from these axioms), not one of the axioms themselves.

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An organisation is defined as a formal social unit (a structured group of people) set up to achieve specific goals. Management and marketing are functions within it.

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The main purpose of interconnecting computer networks worldwide (the Internet) is communication, that is, exchanging messages between users and systems, for example by email and messaging.

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Commerce covers the buying and selling of goods and services, especially on a large scale, together with supporting activities such as transport, banking and insurance.

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Static memory (like SRAM) keeps its contents unchanged as long as power is on, without refreshing. Dynamic memory (DRAM) leaks charge and must be refreshed regularly.

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In Linux, system-wide configuration files (such as /etc/passwd, /etc/fstab and /etc/hosts) are kept in /etc. /dev holds device files, /bin holds essential binaries and /root is root's home directory.

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In Bayesian probability, probability is a degree of belief or view held about an event, and these beliefs must obey the rules of probability calculus, with updates made by Bayes' theorem.

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OLX is a consumer-to-consumer (C2C) marketplace where individuals sell used goods directly to other individuals, with the platform acting only as an intermediary.

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Interpolation estimates values between known data points by fitting a curve (curve fitting) or a straight line (linear analysis) through the given data.

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To communicate over the Internet, a computer needs a Network Interface Card (the hardware connection) and the TCP/IP protocol suite (rules for addressing and transmitting data). The other items are peripherals.

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Pierre-Simon Laplace gave the classical definition of probability: the ratio of favourable outcomes to the total number of equally likely outcomes.

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The profit and loss account records indirect expenses and incomes and shows the net profit or loss. The trading account gives only gross profit, and the balance sheet shows financial position.

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Application programs talk to database servers through standard database APIs: ODBC (Open Database Connectivity) or JDBC for Java. These drivers send SQL queries and return results.

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Merge sort uses divide and conquer: it splits the array into halves, sorts each half recursively and then merges the two sorted halves.

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In Linux, the rm command deletes files (rm file.txt). rmdir removes only empty directories, and 'delete' and 'rdir' are not standard Linux commands.

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The Poisson distribution is a discrete distribution (given by a probability mass function) for counting events. Gaussian and Rayleigh are continuous distributions, and the CDF is not a density.

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Gaussian process regression (kriging) is a non-linear interpolation method from probability and statistics. It treats the unknown function as a random process and predicts values between data points.

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fork() splits a process into concurrent parts, and join() waits for them to finish and recombine. Together they form a complete concurrent subroutine; sleep() only suspends execution.

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∇f = (3x² + 3yz, 3y² + 3xz, 3xy). At (1, 2, −1) this is (−3, 9, 6) = 3(−1, 3, 2). Its magnitude is 3√14, so the unit normal is (−î + 3ĵ + 2k̂)/√14.

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Error control and flow control between adjacent nodes are data link layer functions, and end-to-end versions belong to the transport layer. Routing and congestion control are network layer functions.

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scanf() and printf() are standard input/output functions declared in stdio.h.

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Under the Companies Act, 2013, a public company needs at least 7 members, while a private company needs at least 2.

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A software package is a set of related programs supplied together with the necessary documentation, such as manuals and guides, for a particular task.