Digital Logic & Number Systems Previous Year Questions (page 2)

Explanation

Following the key, statement II (providing plenty of art material so the child can choose, pick and innovate) describes facilitation, and statement I is treated as not correct.

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Oral and written tests are both valid ways to assess language learning, so neither is "not" a method of assessment.

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Reading material should be meaningful and suited to the child's level, and in a language the child is familiar with. Both points are needed.

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In a theme-based ECCE programme, teachers observe children's interests, needs and pace of development, and build nurturing, positive relationships. Both are teacher roles.

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Empiricism holds that knowledge comes from sensory experience and evidence. Scepticism is doubt about claims to knowledge.

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Both are specific, measurable application-level objectives that link mathematics to daily life, so both are instructional objectives.

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Perl is a scripting language that is normally interpreted. C is a compiled language: source code is turned into machine code before it runs.

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A twisted ring counter, also called a Johnson counter, feeds the complement of the last flip-flop's output back to the D input of the first stage. An n-bit Johnson counter has 2n states.

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In Gray code, consecutive numbers differ in exactly one bit, for example 01 → 11 → 10. This is useful in shaft encoders and K-maps.

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In signed number representation, the most significant bit is the sign bit: 0 means positive and 1 means negative. Both pairs are correct.

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The mask (selective clear) micro-operation ANDs bits with a mask, clearing the bits where the mask has 0. So it is equivalent to an AND gate.

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Accounting aims to keep a systematic record of business transactions and to find the profit or loss of the business, along with showing its financial position. Both statements are objectives.

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Both cause differences. Cheques deposited but not yet collected appear in the cash book but not in the passbook. Interest or dividends collected by the bank appear in the passbook first.

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Both statements have the measures swapped. Lines of code, execution speed and memory size are direct measures. Functionality, quality and efficiency are indirect measures. So neither statement is correct.

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Effective teaching lets students learn from peers and encourages them to think independently and build their own knowledge, as constructivism suggests. Both are characteristics.

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Activity materials should be relevant, contextual and linked to real life. The textbook is still an essential basic resource for teaching and learning. Both statements are accepted as correct.

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Acquisition happens naturally through use in real communicative settings, like a home language. Learning happens through explicit classroom teaching of rules and vocabulary. Both definitions are correct.

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Art education covers both visual or tangible arts, such as drawing, painting and sculpture, and performing arts, such as music, dance and drama.

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Regional art and craft comes from the people of a region and reflects their traditional culture. It has its own folk aesthetics and is not bound by classical rules of proportion and rhythm. Both statements are taken as correct.

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To promote gender equality, teachers should use gender-neutral language and avoid giving tasks based on gender stereotypes. Both practices help.

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A proposal tries to persuade the reader to act and highlights the benefits of the proposed idea. Both functions are at play.

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Functions (which return a value) and subroutines (procedures) are both types of subprograms.

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Memory management keeps track of which parts of memory are in use and which are free, and it allocates free space to the processes to be loaded next. Both are primary tasks.

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With n bits there are 2ⁿ combinations, which cover 0 to 2ⁿ − 1, so n bits are enough.

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A T flip-flop toggles its state on each clock pulse when T = 1 and keeps its state when T = 0. Both statements are correct.

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An n-bit parallel (ripple-carry) adder chains n full adders, one per bit.

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XOR gates on the B inputs pass B through when the control is 0 and invert it when the control is 1. With carry-in = 1, this gives 2's complement subtraction, so one circuit does both.

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A + B = 01110110 (118) + 10000101 (133) = 11111011 (251), and B + 1 = 10000101 + 1 = 10000110.

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Under accounting rules, a decrease in an asset is credited and an increase in a liability is credited. Both are correct.

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A code walkthrough is an informal technique for analysing code, so I is true. It is done after the module has been coded and compiled, not before coding, so II is false.

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First-generation computers were programmed in machine language (and some assembly). High-level languages came with later generations.

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Both statements are wrong. Parallel processing (shared memory) is tightly coupled, and distributed systems are loosely coupled.

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When RBI sells bonds (open market operation), buyers pay with money that leaves the banking system. This reduces bank reserves and so the money supply.

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An office automation system supports office work such as word processing, email and scheduling. Annual budgeting is a management planning task.

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An experiment report includes the aim, the apparatus used, the procedure, the observations and the results, so both are included.

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In a learner-centred approach, students learn through peer interaction and get chances to question, explore and experiment. Both are characteristics.

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Peer assessment helps students consolidate learning through dialogue with peers, and it teaches them to give and receive constructive feedback based on clear criteria. Both apply.

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A metaphor calls one thing another without "like" or "as". "The camel is the ship of the desert" is a metaphor; statement I is a plain fact.

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High-level languages are machine-independent, so programs are portable, and their readable English-like syntax makes errors easier to find and debug. Both are features.

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BCD codes each decimal digit in 4 bits. 1000 has 4 digits, so 4 × 4 = 16 bits are needed.

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The control unit directs and coordinates all parts of the computer, but it does no actual data processing itself; arithmetic and logic are done by the ALU. Both statements are true.

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In the Roman system a symbol has the same value wherever it appears (X is always 10), so it is non-positional. Decimal, octal and binary are positional.

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In RTL the transistors are driven into saturation, so it is a saturated logic family. ECL keeps the transistors out of saturation, so it is non-saturated (and very fast). Both pairs are correct.

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With J and K tied together (J = K = T), the JK flip-flop holds when T = 0 and toggles when T = 1, which is a T flip-flop.

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A NAND gate with both inputs at A gives (A·A)' = A', so it acts as a NOT gate.

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A POS expression is an AND of OR terms, which maps to a two-level NOR-NOR circuit. NOR is a universal gate, so POS is implemented with NOR gates.

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A D flip-flop copies its input on the clock edge: Q becomes 1 when D = 1 and goes to the 0 (reset) state when D = 0.

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R2' + 1 is the 2's complement of R2, so R1 + R2' + 1 adds R1 to the 2's complement of R2, which is R1 − R2, and stores it in R3.

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Digitization samples the analog signal at fixed time intervals (sampling) and rounds each sample to a finite set of levels (quantization). Both are used.