Computer Graphics & Multimedia Previous Year Questions

Explanation

256 colours need 8 bits = 1 byte per pixel. 640 × 480 = 307,200 bytes, and 307,200 ÷ 1024 = 300 KB.

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Resolution = 1/(2⁸ − 1) = 1/255 ≈ 0.0039, which is about 0.39%.

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MPEG temporal compression removes redundant frames. Consecutive frames are largely the same, so only the differences from reference frames are stored.

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Bits per frame = 800 × 600 × 8 = 3,840,000. At 40 frames/s this is 3,840,000 × 40 = 153,600,000 bits/s = 153.6 Mbps.

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In Flash, Break Apart (Ctrl+B) splits a text block into separate letters, so each letter can be placed on its own layer and animated separately.

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Raster images are grids of pixels, commonly called bitmaps (a pixmap is the multi-bit-per-pixel form).

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When users get navigational control and can move through the content in any order, the multimedia project is non-linear and interactive.

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WAV is an audio file format. GIF, JPG and PNG are image formats.

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Aspect ratio is width : height = 3 : 2. With a height of 4 inches, width = 4 × 3/2 = 6 inches.

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Resolution = pixels ÷ inches = 512 / 2 = 256 pixels per inch.

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Aspect ratio is width to height, e.g., 16 : 9.

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JPEG stands for Joint Photographic Experts Group, the committee that created this lossy image compression standard.

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Aspect ratio 3 : 2 = width : height, so height = 4 × 2/3 = 8/3 inch.

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2D viewing: build the world-coordinate scene from modeling coordinates (III), convert to viewing coordinates (II), map to normalized coordinates using the window-viewport mapping (IV), then map to device coordinates (I).

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Resolution is the maximum number of points that can be shown on a CRT without overlap, given as horizontal × vertical pixels.

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Scaling multiplies coordinates: x' = 2x, y' = 4y. A(0, 0) stays (0, 0), B(3, 3) becomes (6, 12), C(2, 5) becomes (4, 20).

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MPEG-1/2 Audio Layer III files use the .mp3 extension. .mp4 is an MPEG-4 container, mainly for video.

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PNG supports an alpha channel, so images can be transparent. JPG has no transparency, and BMP normally does not either.

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SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) describes images with shapes and paths, so it scales without loss. JPG, PNG and GIF are raster (bitmap) formats.

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PNG is a compressed, lossless format with transparency that all browsers support, so it is commonly used for web images. PSD is Photoshop's working file, and BMP/TIFF are large and not web-friendly.

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A random-scan (vector) display moves the electron beam like a pencil, drawing only the lines of the picture. Raster scan sweeps the whole screen row by row.

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A Bezier curve is a spline defined by a set of control points, using polynomial (Bernstein) blending functions.

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An angle measures the amount of rotation between two lines that meet at a point.

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A Bezier curve is a parametric curve, with points given as functions of a parameter t from 0 to 1, defined by its endpoints and control points.

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16:9 (widescreen) is the standard aspect ratio for modern monitors and TVs, used for example by 1920 × 1080.

Explanation

∇f = (3x² + 3yz, 3y² + 3xz, 3xy). At (1, 2, −1) this is (−3, 9, 6) = 3(−1, 3, 2). Its magnitude is 3√14, so the unit normal is (−î + 3ĵ + 2k̂)/√14.

Explanation

Virtual reality systems use interactive graphics hardware and software to create computer-generated simulated environments that mimic real-world activities, such as flight simulators.