Operating Systems Previous Year Questions (page 2)

Explanation

Statement I describes assessment of learning (summative), which measures achievement after teaching. Statement II describes assessment for learning (formative), which uses results during teaching to improve learning. Both are correct.

Explanation

Real-time operating systems are either hard (deadlines must always be met) or soft (occasional misses are tolerated). Both are types.

Explanation

Depreciation is the decline in the book value of fixed assets, and it continues throughout the asset's useful life. Both are features.

Explanation

With RR (q = 1), the order is a, b, c, d, a, c, d, a, c, a. b ends at 2 and d at 7, and a's fourth slice ends at time 10.

Explanation

Tripled inputs giving tripled output is constant returns (I wrong), doubled output is decreasing returns (II wrong), and more than tripled output is increasing returns (III correct).

Explanation

Compiling Intermediate Language to native machine code just before it runs is Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation. First-In-Time compiling does not exist.

Explanation

/etc holds system-wide configuration files (e.g. /etc/passwd, /etc/fstab). Home directories are in /home.

Explanation

A diamond with Yes and No branches leading to different actions is the decision (selection, if-else) structure.

Explanation

Standardization ensures that the items are designed to measure a clearly defined domain, and that administering, scoring and interpreting follow a uniform procedure. Both are ensured.

Explanation

Formal and non-formal education aim to improve the quality of life and living standards, and to empower girls through values, attitudes and life skills. Both are objectives.

Explanation

The key fits a need of 3 drives per process: deadlock is impossible if n(3 − 1) + 1 ≤ 7, so n = 3. (If each needed only 2 drives as written, up to 6 processes would be safe.)

Explanation

In a Linux ls -l listing, 'c' marks a character special (device) file. 'b' marks block special files and 'd' marks directories.

Explanation

When students learn while judging their own or others' work, assessment itself becomes a learning process (assessment as learning).

Explanation

A provision is a charge against profit made for a known liability or loss, while a reserve is an appropriation of profit kept aside for future needs. Both statements are correct.

Explanation

The unused 20K lies inside the partition already given to the process, so it is internal fragmentation.

Explanation

Total free memory (a + b) is enough, but it is not contiguous, so the process cannot be loaded. This is external fragmentation, which compaction can fix.

Explanation

Thrashing is the state in which the page fault rate is so high that the system spends most of its time swapping pages instead of executing; the key links the term to a high page-fault rate.

Explanation

Swapping out moves a process from main memory to disk (backing store). Swapping in brings it back into memory.

Explanation

1, 3, 4 fault (3); 4 and 3 hit; 2 fault (4); 1 hit; 7 fault (5) replacing 1; 5 fault (6) replacing 3; 6 fault (7) replacing 4. Total 7 page faults.

Explanation

Windows Mobile, Palm OS and Symbian are mobile operating systems. MANET (Mobile Ad hoc Network) is a type of wireless network, not an OS.

Explanation

Knowledge management is the process of identifying, capturing, organising, storing and sharing knowledge within an organisation.

Explanation

In a teacher-centred approach students mainly memorise what is taught and recall it from memory in tests, so both are key processes.

Explanation

Empowered women take part in social change and in the development process, so both are indicators of women's empowerment.

Explanation

An operating system manages processes (creation, scheduling), memory (allocation, paging) and security/protection of resources, so all three are OS functions.

Explanation

The preprocessor stage replaces #include lines with the file contents and expands macros; the key also counts handling of escape sequences in this preprocessing step, so all three are taken as correct.

Explanation

In Chrome on Windows, Ctrl + Shift + I (or F12) opens Developer Tools.

Explanation

Spooling (Simultaneous Peripheral Operations On-Line) stores output on disk and sends it to the slow printer later, so the CPU need not wait for the printer.

Explanation

Faults for 4, 7, 6 (3). Page 1: evict 4 (never used again), fault 4. 7, 6, 1 hit. Page 2: evict 6 or 1 (never used again), fault 5. 7 and 2 hit. Total 5 page faults.

Explanation

The kernel is the core of the OS that stays resident in main memory and directly manages CPU, memory and devices.

Explanation

Privileged instructions (I/O, changing the timer, disabling interrupts, etc.) can run only in kernel mode; attempting them in user mode causes a trap.

Explanation

Links (hard links and symbolic links) let the same file or directory appear at multiple places in the Linux directory tree.

Explanation

The key treats a knowledge contract (agreement on who contributes, owns and shares knowledge) as a factor in building a KMS. The other options are false: a KMS is costly, evolving, and has strong human implications.

Explanation

On a single-core CPU, threads only take turns (concurrency), so they do not make tasks run faster in parallel. They do improve responsiveness and resource use.

Explanation

The blocked (waiting) queue holds processes waiting for an event such as I/O completion. Processes waiting only for the CPU are in the ready queue.

Explanation

Distributed systems keep copies (replicas) of data on several nodes and use synchronisation or consistency protocols to keep those copies the same.

Explanation

In the algorithm design phase, the designer chooses the approach and the data structures that make the algorithm efficient.

Explanation

A sole proprietorship needs almost no legal formalities or registration cost, so it is the simplest and cheapest business form to set up.

Explanation

FCFS runs processes strictly in arrival order, so if a long process arrives first, every later process waits behind it (the convoy effect). The order of arrival therefore decides the average waiting time.

Explanation

A resource-allocation graph shows processes, resources, and request and assignment edges. Using it (with claim edges), the system can check whether granting a request could create a cycle, and so avoid deadlock.

Explanation

In bank reconciliation you find bank-statement items that need entries in the cash book, list cash-book entries not yet in the bank statement, and correct clerical errors. All three steps are part of the process.

Explanation

The operating system schedules processes. It decides which program runs on the CPU, when, and in what order.

Explanation

Good netiquette means checking that a post is respectful, relevant to the thread and follows the forum rules.

Explanation

Gender socialisation teaches children both that boys and girls are different and that one is ranked above the other (difference and hierarchy).

Explanation

Semaphores (with a fair, e.g. FIFO, waiting queue) let processes wait in order to enter the critical section, so no process waits indefinitely. Interrupts, paging and context switching are not synchronisation tools.

Explanation

CloseHandle takes one argument, the HANDLE of the open object (file, process, thread etc.) returned earlier by functions such as CreateFile.

Explanation

FCFS (first come, first served) serves disk requests strictly in arrival order. It is fair and simple, but it does not minimise seek time or give the best throughput.

Explanation

A correct solution to the critical-section problem must satisfy mutual exclusion, progress and bounded waiting. Semaphores, mutexes and locks are tools for achieving this, not the conditions.

Explanation

Mobile apps (Android in Java/Kotlin, iOS in Swift) and other large application software are commonly built with OOP. OS kernels and machine- or assembly-level programs are usually written in procedural C or assembly.

Explanation

Lip synchronisation (lip sync) keeps the audio aligned with the video frames, so speech matches the speaker's lip movement.

Explanation

Empiricism holds that knowledge comes from sensory experience and observation (Locke, Hume). Tenacity, authority and revelation rely on habit, experts or divine sources.