Computer Science Previous Year Questions (page 30)

Explanation

Both are common errors: a semicolon after a method header ends the declaration, and in Java every method must be defined inside the class body braces. Neither statement is correct.

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x << 4 is 64 × 16 = 1024 = 0x400 (as int). Casting to byte keeps only the low 8 bits, 0x00, so y prints 0.

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In FIFO, increasing the number of frames can increase page faults for some reference strings (Belady's anomaly). Optimal and LRU are stack algorithms and do not suffer from it.

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Internal fragmentation is wasted space inside an allocated partition, when the partition is larger than the process placed in it.

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The unused 20K lies inside the partition already given to the process, so it is internal fragmentation.

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Total free memory (a + b) is enough, but it is not contiguous, so the process cannot be loaded. This is external fragmentation, which compaction can fix.

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Thrashing is the state in which the page fault rate is so high that the system spends most of its time swapping pages instead of executing; the key links the term to a high page-fault rate.

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Swapping out moves a process from main memory to disk (backing store). Swapping in brings it back into memory.

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1, 3, 4 fault (3); 4 and 3 hit; 2 fault (4); 1 hit; 7 fault (5) replacing 1; 5 fault (6) replacing 3; 6 fault (7) replacing 4. Total 7 page faults.

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CRR is the share of deposits banks must keep as cash with the RBI. SLR is kept by banks themselves in cash, gold or approved securities.

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National income can be measured by the product (value added) method, the income method and the expenditure method. All three measure the aggregate value of output.

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A price change affects consumer choice through the substitution effect (change in relative price) and the income effect (change in purchasing power). A cut in MSP is not one of these effects.

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The session layer (layer 5) handles dialogue control (who may send, and when) and token management, along with synchronisation.

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The network layer (layer 3) routes packets from source to destination across networks using logical (IP) addresses.

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Layers 1-3 are chained (they work hop-by-hop between adjacent devices), and layers 4-7 are end-to-end. The statements reverse this, so neither is true.

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The OSI layers are 1 Physical, 2 Data Link, 3 Network, 4 Transport, 5 Session, 6 Presentation, 7 Application. Layer five is the session layer.

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Native internet business models arose on the internet itself, such as library, freeware, information barter and digital product models. The subscription model is transplanted from the real world, so only I is correct.

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A sensible, easily guessed name and fresh attractive content (offers) increase visibility (I and II). III is false: social network icons do help e-visibility.

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In a BST, the value at N is greater than every value in its left subtree and less than (or equal to) every value in its right subtree. Both statements reverse this, so neither is correct.

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Each edge adds 2 to the total degree, so the sum of degrees is even (handshaking lemma), and hence the number of odd-degree vertices must also be even.

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A leaf node is removed by setting its parent's pointer to null (I correct). A node with two children is replaced by its inorder successor (or predecessor), not its preorder successor, so II is wrong.

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A Transaction Processing System is a type of information system that records routine business transactions. The other options are modes of data processing.

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In an expert system the machine asks the user questions (interaction from machine to user) and its knowledge domain is narrow. Producing information by analysing operational and external data describes MIS/DSS.

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Windows Mobile, Palm OS and Symbian are mobile operating systems. MANET (Mobile Ad hoc Network) is a type of wireless network, not an OS.

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Resolution is the maximum number of points that can be shown on a CRT without overlap, given as horizontal × vertical pixels.

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HTML has six heading levels, <h1> to <h6>.

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JavaScript is placed in a page with the <script> tag, either inline or through src.

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Knowledge management is the process of identifying, capturing, organising, storing and sharing knowledge within an organisation.

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A flow chart can organise notes visually to show the sequence and relation of ideas. Transition devices are linking words used in writing, not a method of organising notes.

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An oval (terminal symbol) marks the start and end of a flowchart. A diamond is for decisions and arrows show flow.

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Top-down design: analyse the problem (I), write the main module (III), write the remaining modules (V), connect the modules in order (IV), then revise and resequence (II).

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In a Poisson distribution, mean = variance = P, so the standard deviation is √P.

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P(no one solves) = (2/3)(3/4)(4/5) = 2/5. So P(solved) = 1 − 2/5 = 3/5 = 0.6.

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Lagrange's formula with two points: f(3) = 4·(3−5)/(1−5) + 6·(3−1)/(5−1) = 4×0.5 + 6×0.5 = 5.

Explanation

In a teacher-centred approach students mainly memorise what is taught and recall it from memory in tests, so both are key processes.

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Both statements are correct: TLMs help teachers manage multi-grade, multi-level classes, and they support self-learning. So neither statement is incorrect.

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A teacher must base decisions on sufficient evidence of learning and be sensitive to difficulties some students face in completing tasks. Both need attention.

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Formative assessment (during learning, to improve it) and summative assessment (at the end, to grade it) are both types of assessment.

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In principle a Hindi noun has 6 forms: 2 numbers (singular, plural) × 3 cases (direct, oblique, vocative). For example, laṛkā has laṛkā/laṛke (direct), laṛke/laṛkoṃ (oblique) and laṛke/laṛko (vocative).

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Sanskrit was the standard (elite) language of Brahmanic society, and Persian is the standard language of Iran. Both statements are correct, so neither is "not correct".

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Word and sentence choice depends on the context, the place or setting where we speak, and the theme or topic. All three are factors.

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Awareness of regional arts and crafts helps children recognise and promote traditional and contemporary art, and sensitises them to India's pluralistic cultural heritage. Both are correct.

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Gender discrimination can be direct (openly treating someone worse because of gender) or indirect (a neutral-looking rule that disadvantages one gender). Both forms exist.

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Empowered women take part in social change and in the development process, so both are indicators of women's empowerment.

Explanation

For 0 ≤ t ≤ 1 the point (cos πt/2, sin πt/2) traces a quarter of the unit circle from (1, 0) to (0, 1). Rotating it about the X axis gives a hemisphere of radius 1, whose curved surface area is 2πr² = 2π.

Explanation

The only singularity, z = −1 (a pole of order 4), lies inside |z| = 3. By Cauchy's formula the integral is 2πi·f'''(−1)/3! with f = e^(2z), f''' = 8e^(2z), giving 2πi·8e⁻²/6 = (8/3)πi e⁻².

Explanation

Field reports are written after observing or surveying conditions on site (inspections, surveys, investigations), so they fall under survey reports. Project, sales and annual reports are progress or periodic reports.

Explanation

Femto means 10⁻¹⁵. Pico is 10⁻¹², nano is 10⁻⁹ and atto is 10⁻¹⁸.

Explanation

ENIAC (1946, Eckert and Mauchly) stands for Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer.