Computer Science Previous Year Questions (page 44)

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The RAD model's phases are business modelling, data modelling, process modelling, application generation, and testing and turnover. "Development modelling" is not one of them.

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u = tan⁻¹(y/x) is a homogeneous function of degree 0. By Euler's theorem, x∂u/∂x + y∂u/∂y = 0 × u = 0.

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Demand-pull inflation happens when total demand exceeds supply and pulls prices up. Cost-push inflation comes from rising production costs.

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A small circle (connector) in a flowchart joins one part of the flowchart to another, for example across pages.

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Web surfing (browsing) is moving from one website to another on the internet.

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Working capital (current assets minus current liabilities) funds the firm's day-to-day operating expenses. Fixed capital is used for long-term assets.

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K. Vaitheeswaran, founder of Indiaplaza (1999), is known as the father of e-commerce in India.

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SSTF serves the request nearest to the current head position, which cuts total head movement and lowers average response time. A and B are its drawbacks.

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In ADD R1, [R2] the operand's address is held in register R2, which is register indirect addressing.

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Integer and String are class names, not keywords, so they can be used as variable names. The code prints 24 and then I on the same line: 24I.

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An organisation structure defines how people, work (tasks) and resources are related, with roles, authority and reporting lines.

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RSA is an asymmetric (public-key) algorithm. AES, DES and RC4 are symmetric-key algorithms.

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A sole proprietorship is a business owned, run and controlled by one person who takes all profit and risk.

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NTFS does support file and folder compression, so statement D is false. The other statements about NTFS are true.

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Knowledge management is the set of processes to create, gather, store, transfer and apply knowledge in an organisation.

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The CLR is the .NET run-time engine. It handles JIT compilation, memory management (garbage collection) and security between the application and the OS.

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ADO.NET's listed features are interoperability, maintainability, programmability, performance and scalability. "Reachability" is not one of them.

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xy + x'z = (xy + x')(xy + z) = (x' + y)(x + z)(y + z). (y + z) is the consensus term, which can also be dropped.

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Light stays in a denser core because rays hitting the core-cladding boundary above the critical angle undergo total internal reflection.

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In AngularJS, the ng-model directive binds an input or select value to application data (two-way data binding).

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μ = ½(E^½ + E^−½) and δ = E^½ − E^−½. Then μ² = ¼(E + 2 + E⁻¹) = ¼(δ² + 4).

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The ripple counter fails when the total delay of 10 flip-flops reaches the clock period: 10 × t_pd = 1/10 MHz = 100 ns, so t_pd = 10 ns.

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The subsets summing to 17 are 2 + 7 + 8 (11100), 2 + 15 (10001) and 8 + 9 (00110).

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Office Automation Systems support office work: word processing, e-filing, e-mail, message switching, data storage, and data and voice communication.

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Data privacy is the trade-off between data collected and product performance (2); K-anonymity measures how many users share an attribute (1); L-diversity extends this across several sensitive attributes (3). So I-2, II-1, III-3.

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Exploratory Data Analysis explores data without fixed assumptions, so it offers flexible ways to generate hypotheses. Not giving definitive answers and less realistic accuracy statements are its drawbacks, not advantages.

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A repeater only regenerates the signal bit by bit, without reading addresses or frames, so it works only at the physical layer.

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GETDATE() in SQL Server returns the current database system timestamp as a datetime value without the time zone offset.

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max() on a string returns the character with the highest ASCII/Unicode value, e.g. max("apple") gives "p". len() gives length; hvalue() and long() are not string functions.

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Communication system calls include creating/deleting connections, sending/receiving messages and attaching or detaching remote devices. Request/release device is device management, allocate/free memory is process control, read/write/reposition is file management.

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A primary index is an ordered file of fixed-length records with two fields: the primary key value and a pointer to the disk block holding that record.

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Many AI models are called "black boxes" because their internal decision-making cannot be easily seen or explained, which hides bias. Deepfakes are fake media and K-anonymity is a privacy measure.

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Since a = 20 and b = 35, the condition a >= b is False, so the else branch runs and prints "No".

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Cyber laws such as the IT Act, 2000 provide legal remedies against cyber crime, including punishment by imprisonment and fines.

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An Optical Mark Reader senses the presence or absence of pen/pencil marks at fixed positions, as in OMR answer sheets. OCR reads printed characters instead.

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ord() converts a character to its integer Unicode code, e.g. ord("A") = 65. tuple(), dict() and set() build collections.

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Minterms 0, 2, 4, 6 (all with z = 0) group into z'. Minterms 4 and 5 (x = 1, y = 0) group into xy'. So F = z' + xy'.

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strip() returns a copy of the string with leading and trailing whitespace removed. split() makes a list, capitalize() changes case.

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DATEDIFF returns the difference between startdate and enddate in the given datepart, so I is correct. The datepart cannot be supplied through a user-defined variable or quoted string, so II is wrong.

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Error control in the data link layer uses ARQ (Automatic Repeat reQuest): damaged or lost frames are detected and retransmitted.

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append() adds a single element to the end of a list. pop() removes an element, sort() orders the list, index() finds a position.

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The ALU contains the circuits for arithmetic (such as binary addition), logic and shift operations. The control unit only directs operations.

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Narrow AI (ANI) seems intelligent but has no awareness (2); General AI (AGI) acts and thinks like a conscious, smart human (3); Super Intelligence is smarter than humans (1). So I-2, II-3, III-1.

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print() of a tuple shows its repr: parentheses, with strings in single quotes, so the output is ('Example', 1, 'Tuple').

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The mutual exclusion condition requires at least one resource to be held in a non-sharable mode, so only one process can use it at a time.

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A weak entity is drawn as a double rectangle (option C). A single rectangle is a strong entity, a diamond a relationship, and a double diamond an identifying relationship.

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The volume control block (superblock) holds volume details such as the number of blocks in the partition, block size and free-block count. Boot information is in the boot control block; the unique identifier is in the FCB.

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"r+" opens a file for reading and writing with the file pointer at the beginning. "a+" places it at the end; "rb" is read-only and "ab" append-only.

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RISC processors use simple, fixed-length instructions that are easy to decode, with hardwired control and few instructions. Microprogrammed control, memory operands and 100-250 instructions are CISC traits.

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Children's activity on social media must be monitored because they are vulnerable to privacy risks. The other options are false: social media addiction can hurt studies, and fake news and misuse can disturb law and order.