Computer Science Previous Year Questions (page 38)

Explanation

Lip synchronisation (lip sync) keeps the audio aligned with the video frames, so speech matches the speaker's lip movement.

Explanation

++i inside the if makes i even each time it is tested: i goes 1 to 2 (printed), then the loop's i++ makes 3, ++i makes 4 (printed), and so on up to 10. Then i becomes 11 and the loop stops, so 2 4 6 8 10 is printed.

Explanation

i = 1 is printed and becomes 2, then i++ makes it 3; 3 is printed and becomes 4, then 5. Now 5 < 5 is false, so the output is 1 3.

Explanation

Arrays are passed as a pointer to their first element, so modify() doubles the original elements: data becomes {2, 4, 6, 8}, and data[2] = 6.

Explanation

R2 - 2R1 gives [0, -2, 2, 6] and R3 - 4R1 gives [0, -3, 3, 9], which is 1.5 times the new R2, so one row becomes zero. The rank is 2, so the normal form is [I2 0; 0 0].

Explanation

In a declaration, * makes j a pointer variable that can store the address of an int. It does not allocate the pointed-to memory or multiply anything.

Explanation

Goods taken for personal use reduce the goods available for sale, so the entry is Drawings A/c Dr. to Purchases A/c (at cost). No cash is involved.

Explanation

A prototype declares the function's return type, name and the number and types of its parameters (ending with a semicolon), so the compiler can check calls. It has no body and is usually placed before main.

Explanation

A NULL pointer explicitly marks that the pointer refers to no valid memory, so the code can test if (p == NULL) before use, avoiding accidental use of garbage or dangling addresses.

Explanation

The conjugate replaces every i by -i in each element: i becomes -i, 1+i becomes 1-i, 3-2i becomes 3+2i, 2-i becomes 2+i, -3i becomes 3i, 1-i becomes 1+i and 2i becomes -2i. Real entries 4 and 5 stay the same.

Explanation

Interchanging rows and columns gives the transpose, and det(Aᵀ) = det(A), so the determinant value is unchanged.

Explanation

Real accounts (assets) follow the rule: debit what comes in and credit what goes out. "Debit the receiver, credit the giver" is for personal accounts, and expenses/incomes is the rule for nominal accounts.

Explanation

A Hermitian matrix equals its conjugate transpose: diagonal entries are real and a_ji is the conjugate of a_ij. In A the diagonal is 1 and 5 and the off-diagonal entries 2+3i and 2-3i are conjugates.

Explanation

Dividing by x gives dy/dx - (1/x)y = x² - 2, so P = -1/x. IF = e^(∫ -1/x dx) = e^(-ln x) = 1/x.

Explanation

Gross profit = sales - (purchases + direct expenses) = 3,75,000 - (2,50,000 + 15,000) = 1,10,000. Carriage on sales and general expenses are indirect expenses charged to the P&L account, not the trading account.

Explanation

In a microprogrammed control unit, the control memory (usually ROM) holds the microprograms, i.e. sequences of microinstructions whose bits generate the control signals.

Explanation

In direct (absolute) addressing, the instruction's address field holds the actual memory address of the operand. Immediate addressing holds the data itself and indirect holds the address of the address.

Explanation

P is true (lists grow and shrink at run time) and R is true (nodes are allocated only when needed). Q is false: linked lists need O(n) traversal to reach an index; arrays give constant-time indexed access.

Explanation

Paramagnetic materials (aluminium, platinum) have a small positive susceptibility, so they are weakly attracted towards a magnetic field. Diamagnetic ones are weakly repelled and ferromagnetic ones strongly attracted.

Explanation

In ferromagnetic materials (iron, cobalt, nickel) atomic dipoles align spontaneously in small regions called domains. An external field grows and aligns these domains, so the material is strongly attracted.

Explanation

The ALU performs arithmetic, logical, bitwise and comparison operations. Memory addressing is handled by the control unit and address registers/MMU, not the ALU.

Explanation

After defining a macro, you invoke it by writing its name (with any arguments) as if it were an instruction; the assembler then expands the macro body in place. CALL is for procedures, not macros.

Explanation

Commerce covers trade and the aids to trade such as transport, warehousing, insurance, banking and advertising. Mining is an extractive industry, part of industry rather than commerce.

Explanation

A compiler is system software (a language translator) that supports program development. DBMS, web browsers and word processors are application software.

Explanation

An OPC is a company, so it is incorporated by filing a Memorandum and Articles of Association. Trust and partnership deeds are for other forms of organisation, and certificate of commencement is not needed for an OPC.

Explanation

The Memorandum of Association is the company's charter (constitution): it defines its name, registered office, objects, liability and capital, i.e. the scope of its activities. The Articles deal with internal rules.

Explanation

P(even) = P(H) x 4/9 + P(T) x 2/5 = (2/3)(4/9) + (1/3)(2/5) = 8/27 + 2/15 ≈ 0.296 + 0.133 = 0.43.

Explanation

The CPU processes all instructions and controls the other components, so it is called the brain of the computer. RAM, ROM and HDD are memory and storage.

Explanation

Google Meet is Google's video conferencing service for online meetings, classes and calls with screen sharing. It does not edit audio or photos.

Explanation

A plotter is an output device that draws large, precise graphics such as engineering drawings, maps and designs with pens or inkjet. It is slower than a laser printer.

Explanation

All observations are equal, so every deviation from the mean (60) is 0 and the standard deviation is 0.

Explanation

Netiquette means polite online behaviour: proper grammar and punctuation, respectful replies, relevant posts and privacy for others. Insults, spam and sharing others' personal data violate it.

Explanation

Firefox is a web browser developed by Mozilla. Snapchat, WeChat and Signal are instant messaging apps.

Explanation

An open-ended question lets respondents answer freely in their own words, such as listing reasons. Yes/No and multiple-choice items are closed-ended questions.

Explanation

A gender-equitable curriculum for marginalised girls gives literacy and life-skill education that builds self-esteem and empowers them to change their lives, rather than reinforcing gender norms.

Explanation

Aesthetics in education develops appreciation of beauty and values artistic and creative expression through art, music, dance and literature.

Explanation

In Herbart's generalisation step, learners draw general principles, rules or definitions from the examples studied earlier. Application then uses these rules in new situations.

Explanation

Gardner's multiple intelligences include linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal and naturalist. Emotional intelligence was popularised by Goleman, not part of Gardner's list.

Explanation

The Integrated Education for Disabled Children (IEDC) scheme, launched in 1974, was revised in 1992 to place children with disabilities in regular schools. SSA came in 2001 and Samagra Shiksha in 2018.

Explanation

Empiricism holds that knowledge comes from sensory experience and observation (Locke, Hume). Tenacity, authority and revelation rely on habit, experts or divine sources.

Explanation

The problem-centred curriculum is organised around real-life problems that learners solve by drawing on several subjects, so it is interdisciplinary. The subject-centred approach keeps subjects separate.

Explanation

Listening is a receptive skill: it focuses on comprehending spoken (oral) input. Producing writing and constructing utterances are productive skills (writing and speaking).

Explanation

Behaviourists (Pavlov, Watson, Skinner) explain learning as conditioning, forming stimulus-response links through classical or operant conditioning with reinforcement. Observation is the basis of social learning theory.

Explanation

Best Fit must search the whole free list (or keep it sorted) to find the smallest hole that fits, so allocation takes longer. It also leaves many tiny unusable holes, so it does not guarantee less wastage or better performance.

Explanation

An RST segment aborts the TCP connection at once: no further data is sent, no graceful FIN handshake happens, and buffered data is discarded.

Explanation

Any ordinary comparison involving NULL (=, <=, >= etc.) gives UNKNOWN, not TRUE. The IS NULL predicate is the special test for nulls, so NULL IS NULL is TRUE.

Explanation

NAND and NOR are universal gates precisely because AND, OR and NOT (and hence every other gate) can be built from them alone, so the statement that basic gates cannot be built from them is false.

Explanation

With no other process competing, the CPU is idle and the process is dispatched as soon as it arrives, at time 5. It cannot start before it arrives (time 0 or 4).